Shadowing Practice: A Civil Lawsuit Explained in Steps | The Civil Litigation Process - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
58 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
A civil lawsuit can seem complex and, for the most of us, confusing.
2
Civil lawsuits aren't actually too hard to understand.
3
We broke down the basic steps of the civil lawsuit process
4
to help our clients better understand what exactly is going on with their lawsuit.
5
A civil lawsuit, which is sometimes also called civil litigation, is a lawsuit based on non-criminal statutes,
6
meaning it's a separate entity from a criminal proceeding.
7
A civil lawsuit is a dispute that's handled legally by the courts, such as a personal injury lawsuit.
8
Civil litigation goes through specific steps or proceedings.
9
First and foremost, you should consult with potential representatives for legal advice.
10
Before anything else, it's important that you consult with a personal injury attorney about your potential personal injury lawsuit.
11
You should also be sure that your case falls within the state statute of limitations.
12
An open and honest consultation will give you the most accurate prediction of the outcome of your case.
13
After an initial consultation, your civil lawsuit case will follow four common steps.
14
Pleadings, discovery, trial, appeal.
15
The pleadings are the initial step in the civil lawsuit.
16
Each side or party will follow paperwork in the right court to explain their side of the story.
17
The person bringing the lawsuit or plaintiff will file the complaint.
18
The person being alleged of wrongdoing or defendant will file an answer.
19
Personal Jurisdiction For a court to have personal jurisdiction over a defendant, the individual or company must have an appropriate relationship to the forum county,
20
state, or federal district district and the defendant must be served properly.
21
Subject matter jurisdiction.
22
Depending on the type of lawsuit you're filing, your case may be heard in either federal or state court.
23
Venue.
24
Your case must be filed in an appropriate court based on proximity to where the incident in question occurred
25
or where the parties are located.
26
The complaint is a formal document filed by the plaintiff with the court.
27
The complaint generally contains an explanation for why the the court holds jurisdiction over the case as well.
28
The answer is a response to the plaintiff's complaint.
29
The answer details the defendant's description of the events that led to the dispute, outlining any inaccuracies or falsehoods that they find in the complaint.
30
As a response to the replies or in the instance
31
that one party requests clarification over legal theories or allegations in the other party's pleadings, a complaint or answer may be amended.
32
After both parties have completed the pleading process, both parties will enter discovery.
33
Discovery is a process in which both parties begin to obtain information to help strengthen their arguments.
34
Each party will obtain evidence through demands for production of documents, depositions of parties and witnesses, written interrogatories, written requests for admissions of fact,
35
and examination of the scene and the petitions and motions employed to enforce discovery rights.
36
Before the trial begins, either during the discovery process or shortly after, parties may use motions to ask the court to rule or act.
37
After discovery has ended, if the dispute is not resolved out of court, the civil lawsuit will move to trial.
38
Before the trial begins, both parties will submit a brief to the judge.
39
Trials involving a judge and no jury are referred to as bench trials, or the trial can be set to be decided by a jury.
40
Once the trial begins, both parties present their opening statements.
41
Opening statements are the brief outlines of the party's arguments.
42
After opening statements are made, each party introduces its case.
43
The plaintiff always presents its case first.
44
The defense presents its case after.
45
After the defense has presented its case, the plaintiff has one last opportunity to present additional evidence, known as rebuttal evidence.
46
Each party will present its case using evidence which can include documents, expert testimony, or exhibits that support its argument.
47
After a witness is examined by one party, the opposing party can choose to cross-examine the witness.
48
In a jury trial, after closing arguments, the jury deliberates for a period of time until a verdict is reached.
49
In a bench trial, the judge deliberates for a period of time until a decision or verdict is reached.
50
After the verdict is made, a party can choose to challenge the verdict.
51
These challenges are more common during jury trials because errors
52
and disregard of the law or legal definitions occur more often by juries.
53
If a party does not agree with the result of the trial, they can appeal the decision.
54
If a decision is appealed, then the civil lawsuit is presented to an appellate court that reviews the previous proceedings of the lawsuit.
55
Each party will submit a brief and a record of evidence from trial to the appellate court.
56
The appellate court looks for any errors in legality made during the pretrial or trial proceedings.
57
After reviewing the proceedings, the appellate court releases an opinion, which is the appellate court's decision.
58
The opinion can either affirm the verdict made by the trial court or find an error.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
FOR YOU
Video Öner
C11
34 cümleler
What is a contract?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C111
99 cümleler
Legal English Listening Practice | Can I Sue My Neighbours?!?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
113 cümleler
Architectural Design Process Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C123 cümleler
Marbury v. Madison Case Brief Summary | Law Case Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
131 cümleler
Nursing Legal Issues: Laws & Ethics in 10 Minutes | Nurse Me Through It Ep 2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
197 cümleler
How I got a First Class in EVERY Essay at Law School
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
115 cümleler
The Laws of Human Nature Summarized in 8 Minutes by Robert Greene
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
383 cümleler
Trump's Lawyer Keeps Breaking The Law
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1116 cümleler
Cash vs Accrual Accounting Explained Simply | With Examples & Journal Entries
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C128
7 cümleler
The First Amendment Explained | Quick Learner
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
412 cümleler
Organizational forms and corporate issuer features (for the CFA Level 1 exam)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
118 cümleler
The Anatomy of Fraud
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “A Civil Lawsuit Explained in Steps” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: lawsuit, trial, civil, parties, complaint. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 58 cümle ve 846 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:08 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 165 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %78’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| lawsuit isim | /ˈlɔˌs(j)ut/ | dava |
| discovery isim | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | keşif |
| complaint isim | /kəmˈpleɪnt/ | şikayet |
| verdict isim | /ˈvɜː.dɪkt/ | hüküm |
| dispute isim | /dɪˈspjuːt/ | tartışma, kavga |
| defendant isim | /dɪˈfɛnd.ənt/ | sanık |
| occur fiil | /əˈkɜː/ | olmak |
| obtain fiil | /əbˈteɪn/ | elde etmek, almak |
| bench isim | /ˈbɛnt͡ʃ/ | bank |
| examine fiil | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | muayene etmek |
| consultation isim | /ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən/ | meşveret, müşavere |
| litigation isim | /ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/ | dava |
| deliberate sıfat | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/ | kasıtlı, istemli |
| formal sıfat | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | resmi |
| refer fiil | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | zikretmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is sometimes also called · being alleged · must be served |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have completed · has ended · has presented |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | lawsuit, which is · evidence which can · opinion, which is |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: jurisdiction /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/, consultation /ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən/, litigation /ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: jurisdiction /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/, consultation /ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən/, litigation /ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: proceedings /pɹəˈsiːd.ɪŋz/, pleading /ˈpliːdɪŋ/, statute /ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/, proceed /pɹəˈsid/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/, statute /ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, clarification /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, allegation /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
- /ŋ/ — sondaki /g/ okunmaz: pleading /ˈpliːdɪŋ/, wrongdoing /ˈɹɒŋˌduːɪŋ/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; lawsuit, discovery, complaint gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.