Shadowing Practice: How Your Dog Can Protect You Before You're Born - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Mmm, puppies.
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Most dog owners say companionship is the number one reason to have a cuddly, devoted tail wager, and some people also have dogs for assistance or protection.
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And just look at them!
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They're so cute!
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So it's not surprising that we're willing to put up with less savory features of dogs, like muddy paw prints and slobber all over everything.
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Yet slobber and other pet dirt may actually be a pet benefit too, especially if you happen to be an unborn baby.
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This, and also cats, influence the microbial communities in our homes
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so much that if your mother lives with a cat or dog while she's pregnant with you, you're about 30% less likely to suffer from allergies as a child.
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This sounds kind of crazy, and we don't know exactly why it happens, but the most likely explanation is called the hygiene hypothesis.
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You know how children from Amish farm families have been found to suffer less from allergies
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and asthma than is typical in the modern westernized world?
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Well, scientists think it's because their immune systems develop more fully, thanks to exposure to a wide variety of dirt, bacteria, and germs in fermenting feed,
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cow manure, and other barnyard delights.
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A key part of your immune system is the cells that recognize and neutralize foreign bacteria, viruses, transplanted body parts, or even your own damaged cells.
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Healthy cells in your body have distinctive proteins on them that immune cells recognize as part of you, while intruders and unhealthy cells without you proteins are flagged for careful monitoring.
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If any not-you stuff starts causing too much harm, your immune cells will attack it and take note to act quickly and vigorously against it in the future,
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basically learning who's harmlessly passing through and who's a dangerous intruder.
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But if the immune system incorrectly identifies an intruder or doesn't properly learn who's who in the first place, our bodies can overreact to harmless substances,
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like a life-threatening allergic reaction to a minor bee sting.
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In the Western world, the percentage of children who suffer from immune system over reactions like allergies
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and asthma has roughly doubled in the past 40 years or so, even as infectious diseases have become much less common thanks to improved hygiene, water and sewage treatment, and so on.
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It's highly likely that the increased prevalence of allergies
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and asthma is due in part to the fact
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that the environments we live in are too clean
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and don't give our immune system proper opportunity to learn who's who at a young age.
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Kind of like how we're better at learning foreign languages when we're younger, our Your immune systems are best at learning to distinguish harmless foreign substances from harmful ones
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when exposed to them very early in life.
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That's why having dog slobber, kitty hairballs, and muddy paw prints around your mother
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while you're in utero might get your immune system off to a proper start even before you're born.
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We still don't know exactly how your mother's exposure to extra bacteria influences you in the womb, but we do know that having a pet around before
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and after your birth may help keep your immune cells from barking up the wrong tree.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “How Your Dog Can Protect You Before You're Born” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: immune, cells, dog, allergies, intruder. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 31 cümle ve 541 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 2:34 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 211 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin yalnızca %78’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
allergy isim/ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/alerji
bacterium isim/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/bakteri
intruder isim/ənˈtɹudɚ/davetsiz misafir
asthma isim/ˈæzmə/astım, yelpik
muddy sıfat/ˈmʌdi/çamurlu
hygiene isim/ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒiːn/hijyen, sağlık bilgisi
harmless sıfat/ˈhɑɹmləs/zararsız
ferment fiil/fɚˈmɛnt/mayalamak
manure isim/məˈnʊɹ/gübre
microbial sıfat/maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/mikrobik, mikrobic
savory sıfat/ˈseɪ.və.ɹi/lezzetli
westernize fiilbatılılaştırmak
devote fiil/dɪˈvəʊt/adamak
sewage isim/ˈsu.ɪd͡ʒ/lağım, atık su
womb isim/wuːm/döl yatağı, rahim

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

YapıVideoda
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemliis called · have been found · are flagged
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylemhave been found · have become

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı don't, we're, you're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 11 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “th” sesleri: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/, microbial /maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/, overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/, vigorously /ˈvɪɡəɹəsli/, incorrectly /ˌɪnkəˈɹɛk(t).li/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: womb /wuːm/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: slobber /ˈslɒbə(ɹ)/, prevalence /ˈpɹɛvələns/, transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/, sting /ˈstɪŋ/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, asthma /ˈæzmə/, companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/, overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; allergy, bacterium, intruder gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →