Shadowing Practice: How Your Dog Can Protect You Before You're Born - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Mmm, puppies.
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Most dog owners say companionship is the number one reason to have a cuddly, devoted tail wager, and some people also have dogs for assistance or protection.
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And just look at them!
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They're so cute!
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So it's not surprising that we're willing to put up with less savory features of dogs, like muddy paw prints and slobber all over everything.
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Yet slobber and other pet dirt may actually be a pet benefit too, especially if you happen to be an unborn baby.
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This, and also cats, influence the microbial communities in our homes
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so much that if your mother lives with a cat or dog while she's pregnant with you, you're about 30% less likely to suffer from allergies as a child.
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This sounds kind of crazy, and we don't know exactly why it happens, but the most likely explanation is called the hygiene hypothesis.
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You know how children from Amish farm families have been found to suffer less from allergies
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and asthma than is typical in the modern westernized world?
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Well, scientists think it's because their immune systems develop more fully, thanks to exposure to a wide variety of dirt, bacteria, and germs in fermenting feed,
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cow manure, and other barnyard delights.
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A key part of your immune system is the cells that recognize and neutralize foreign bacteria, viruses, transplanted body parts, or even your own damaged cells.
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Healthy cells in your body have distinctive proteins on them that immune cells recognize as part of you, while intruders and unhealthy cells without you proteins are flagged for careful monitoring.
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If any not-you stuff starts causing too much harm, your immune cells will attack it and take note to act quickly and vigorously against it in the future,
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basically learning who's harmlessly passing through and who's a dangerous intruder.
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But if the immune system incorrectly identifies an intruder or doesn't properly learn who's who in the first place, our bodies can overreact to harmless substances,
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like a life-threatening allergic reaction to a minor bee sting.
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In the Western world, the percentage of children who suffer from immune system over reactions like allergies
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and asthma has roughly doubled in the past 40 years or so, even as infectious diseases have become much less common thanks to improved hygiene, water and sewage treatment, and so on.
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It's highly likely that the increased prevalence of allergies
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and asthma is due in part to the fact
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that the environments we live in are too clean
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and don't give our immune system proper opportunity to learn who's who at a young age.
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Kind of like how we're better at learning foreign languages when we're younger, our Your immune systems are best at learning to distinguish harmless foreign substances from harmful ones
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when exposed to them very early in life.
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That's why having dog slobber, kitty hairballs, and muddy paw prints around your mother
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while you're in utero might get your immune system off to a proper start even before you're born.
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We still don't know exactly how your mother's exposure to extra bacteria influences you in the womb, but we do know that having a pet around before
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and after your birth may help keep your immune cells from barking up the wrong tree.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “How Your Dog Can Protect You Before You're Born”. Las palabras que más se repiten: immune, cells, dog, allergies, intruder. Este vídeo tiene 31 frases y 541 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:34. El hablante habla rápido, unas 211 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
allergy sustantivo/ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/alergia
bacterium sustantivo/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/bacteria
intruder sustantivo/ənˈtɹudɚ/intruso, intrusa
slobber verbo/ˈslɒbə(ɹ)/babear, salivar
asthma sustantivo/ˈæzmə/asma
muddy adjetivo/ˈmʌdi/barroso, enfangado
hygiene sustantivo/ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒiːn/higiene
harmless adjetivo/ˈhɑɹmləs/inocuo, inofensivo
companionship sustantivo/kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/compañerismo, acompañamiento
cuddly adjetivo/ˈkʌdli/achuchable, acariciable
ferment verbo/fɚˈmɛnt/fermentar
hairball sustantivobezoar
harmlessly adverbio/ˈhɑɹmləsli/inofensivamente
manure sustantivo/məˈnʊɹ/estiércol, abono
microbial adjetivo/maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/microbiano

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraSignificado
pass through verboatravesar
put up with verboaguantar, soportar

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo haceis called · have been found · are flagged
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahave been found · have become

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 11 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we're, you're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “th”: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/, microbial /maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/, overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/, vigorously /ˈvɪɡəɹəsli/, incorrectly /ˌɪnkəˈɹɛk(t).li/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: slobber /ˈslɒbə(ɹ)/, sting /ˈstɪŋ/
  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/, savory /ˈseɪ.və.ɹi/, vigorously /ˈvɪɡəɹəsli/, devote /dɪˈvəʊt/, prevalence /ˈpɹɛvələns/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: asthma /ˈæzmə/, neutralize /ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/, transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como allergy, bacterium, intruder.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →