Shadowing Practice: Want to learn faster? Reduce cognitive load - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hi, today I'm going to talk about cognitive load theory or cognitive overload,
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which is a new theory on learning about how the sort of intrinsic
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or even extraneous difficulty of a learning task impacts our ability to learn, to remember, to retrieve information and so forth.
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And I want to give you my perspective on this
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because I think it's quite interesting and it kind of touches on something that I've talked about before.
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In its essence, I feel that cognitive load theory is about how do you make the task easier, essentially.
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And the way you make a learning task easier as it applies to languages is to activate prior knowledge.
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In other words, if you can learn something that you kind of in a way already know, it's going to be easier to learn that.
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And if it's easier, you're going to be happier and more satisfied with the learning process, and you'll probably stay with the task.
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I've often said that language learning is a sort of a reiterative or an iterative process.
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You learn it once, you forget, you go back again.
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I've used the metaphor of my lawnmower, where if the grass of my lawn is very high, I will actually set the blaze a little higher, an inch or so higher,
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so that my first pass through the grass will be easier, and then my second pass will also be easier, and I'll have the same grass,
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but i'll have walked through the lawn twice with a little effort as opposed to pushing against
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much more resistance another example i used is cross -country skiing
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if it's snowing and you're going through tracks
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that have already been made by a skier ahead of you even
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if more snow has fallen on these tracks you're now gliding more easily it's more comfortable you're moving faster
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and so you're also taking advantage of in a way prior work
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or prior knowledge again i think a lot of these education experts have a tendency to overcomplicate things
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so they talk about the effect of cognitive overload on your short -term memory
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or working memory and retrieving and those are a lot of details
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that i don't fully understand but i can use my brain without knowing these things
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if i have a learning system and process
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that works i don't need to know in great detail how
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that all functions in my brain i don't need to know how my car works in order to drive my car.
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So one of the things that I have found is that prior knowledge, in other words, my previous exposure to a language, however imperfectly I remember that,
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however many gaps there are, it's all good.
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So if I, for example, I'm listening to a podcast in Persian and there's lots there that I don't understand,
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and I'm really only picking up certain chunks of words and phrases that I'm quite comfortable,
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that almost naturally understand, but I can't tie them all together to really understand the whole podcast, that is still good exposure.
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So that creates a sort of prior knowledge.
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Then when I go to link and I start clicking on these words to see what they mean, then I already have that first pass through,
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that first pass with a lawnmower that makes the second pass easier.
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It still doesn't guarantee that the next time I listen to it, I'm going to understand it all.
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It's all a gradual buildup through this iterative and reiterative and going back again process,
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which I think is the way to reduce the cognitive burden.
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Another sort of extraneous factor in cognitive overload is how enjoyable the task is.
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So if I am listening to something that's too difficult, that's not enjoyable.
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But on the other hand, if I'm listening to something that is of no interest to me, that's also not enjoyable.
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So as I've said before, if I'm dealing with content that is intrinsically interesting to me
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that lessens the extraneous burden of fighting to try to learn the language,
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deliberately try to learn the language from content that's of no interest or a voice that I don't like or a screechy, scratchy audio recording.
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In other words, everything that makes the task more enjoyable reduces the extraneous cognitive burden.
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Now, along the same lines we all have different tastes in
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what we like to do i'm not a fan of uh
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sort of deliberate retrieval exercises drills flashcards you name it that's not to say
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that people who like doing those things aren't going to benefit
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from them it's a matter of what people enjoy doing
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if you enjoy doing it then the extraneous sort of cognitive burden is is lessened
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so in my own case i like listening and reading
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and there is ample evidence that reading is in fact a form of retrieval exercise. In fact, it is retrieving words and phrases
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or in the case of listening sounds from a meaningful context which according to some research is more effective than
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trying to retrieve things in isolation.
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So where I'm coming from in this discussion of cognitive load is
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that it still comes down to the basic issue of trying to keep things simple and enjoyable.
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How do we encourage the learner to stay on task?
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How do we increase the likelihood that the learner will enjoy the process, the learning process?
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And in that sense, the emphasis should be the perspective of the learner rather than how teachers
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or educators can structure activities in the classroom or design textbooks or things of that nature, which introduce a level of complexity,
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which may, in fact, not contribute to lessening the cognitive load.
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Cognitive load will be lessened if the task is simpler, more straightforward, and more enjoyable.
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So as a layman, That's my reaction to this whole issue of the cognitive burden.
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Thank you for listening.
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Bu Videoyu Kimler İçin İzlemeli?
Yabancı dil öğrenirken hızlı ilerlemek isteyen, özellikle konuşma ve dinleme becerilerini geliştirmek amacıyla gölge konuşma veya IELTS konuşma pratiği yapmak isteyen herkes için uygundur. Özellikle yavaş öğrenme sorunu yaşayan veya motivasyonunu kaybetme korkusu duyan öğrenciler, video'daki "bilişsel yük" konusundaki ipuçlarından büyük fayda görecektir. Zaten temel düzeyde İngilizce bilen ama pratik yaparak kendini geliştirmek isteyenler de içerikten faydalanabilir.
Öğrenilmesi Gereken Kelimeler ve İfadeler
- Cognitive load: Bilişsel yük (öğrenme sırasında beyne verilen zorluk)
- Intrinsic difficulty: Doğal zorluk (öğrenme görevinin kendinden gelen zorluğu)
- Extraneous burden: Dışsal yük (öğrenmeyi zorlaştıran dış etkenler)
- Iterative process: Yinelenen süreç (tekrar tekrar yapılan öğrenme yöntemi)
Bu ifadeler, özellikle eğitim veya dil öğrenme konularında konuşurken sıkça kullanılabilir. Örneğin, "Bilişsel yükü azaltmak için gölgeleme tekniği kullanıyorum" cümlesinde cognitive load kelimesini doğal bir şekilde kullanabilirsiniz.
Telaffuzu Nasıl Doğru Yaparız?
Konuşmacının telaffuzu yumuşak ve anlaşılırdır, bu nedenle ingilizce telaffuzu geliştirmek isteyenler için mükemmel bir örnek sunar. Özel olarak dikkat etmeniz gereken noktalar:
- Reduction kelimesindeki "sh" sesini yumuşak olarak çıkarmak (türkçedeki "ş" sesine benzer ama daha hafif).
- Iterative kelimesindeki "i" harfini kısa ve net söylemek (uzun "i" olarak değil).
- Cümleler arası duraklamaları takip etmek: Konuşmacı düşünürken kısa duraklamalar yapıyor, bu doğal bir konuşma özelliğidir. Gölge konuşma yaparken bu duraklamaları da kopyalamak, konuşmanızı daha doğal hale getirecektir.
Örneğin, "The key is to reduce cognitive load" cümlesini tekrar ederek telaffuzunuzu pekiştirebilirsiniz. Konuşmacının tonunu ve intonasyonunu takip etmek de önemlidir; stressli kelimeleri vurgulamak, anlaşılabilirliği artırır.
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | I've talked · I've often said · have walked |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | been made · is lessened · will be lessened |
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.