Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Something’s Happening to the Ozone Hole
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219 câu
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1
Ready?
Sẵn sàng chưa?
2
I'm scaling a glacier right now to show you a view
Tôi đang leo lên một sông băng ngay bây giờ để cho bạn xem khung cảnh.
3
that most people can never see of a place we weren't even sure existed until 200 years ago.
mà hầu hết mọi người không bao giờ có thể nhìn thấy của một nơi mà cho đến 200 năm trước chúng ta thậm chí còn không chắc nó có tồn tại hay không.
4
This is Antarctica.
Đây là Nam Cực.
5
And in 1985, it became the center of a global crisis.
Và vào năm 1985, nơi đây đã trở thành tâm điểm của một cuộc khủng hoảng toàn cầu.
6
The ozone layer still is disappearing.
Lớp ôzôn vẫn đang biến mất.
7
A mysterious massive hole.
Một cái hố khổng lồ bí ẩn.
8
The ozone is severely depleted.
Lớp ôzôn đang bị suy giảm nghiêm trọng.
9
Without immediate action, the sun we have always worshipped, our children will soon fear.
Nếu không có hành động tức thời, mặt trời mà chúng ta luôn tôn thờ sẽ sớm trở thành nỗi sợ hãi của con cháu chúng ta.
10
Directly over Antarctica, high up in the stratosphere, was a massive hole.
Ngay trên bầu trời Nam Cực, ở độ cao lớn trong tầng bình lưu, là một lỗ hổng khổng lồ.
11
And if we hadn't done anything about it, today we'd be living in an alternate world.
Và nếu chúng ta đã không làm gì để ngăn chặn điều đó, thì ngày nay chúng ta sẽ đang sống trong một thế giới hoàn toàn khác.
12
By now, a hole would be forming over the North Pole as well.
Đến lúc này, một lỗ hổng cũng sẽ đang hình thành trên Bắc Cực.
13
By 2040, that hole would be over the entire planet.
Đến năm 2040, lỗ thủng đó sẽ bao phủ toàn bộ hành tinh.
14
By 2065, skin cancer rates would be soaring.
Đến năm 2065, tỷ lệ mắc ung thư da sẽ tăng vọt.
15
If you lived anywhere here, you'd get a sunburn outside in five minutes.
Nếu bạn sống ở bất kỳ nơi nào trong khu vực này, bạn sẽ bị cháy nắng chỉ sau năm phút ở ngoài trời.
16
But that's not the world we're living in.
Nhưng đó không phải là thế giới mà chúng ta đang sống.
17
In fact, you've probably stopped hearing this story altogether.
Trên thực tế, có lẽ bạn đã hoàn toàn không còn nghe câu chuyện này nữa.
18
That wasn't by accident.
Đó không phải là tình cờ.
19
It was a choice.
Đó là một sự lựa chọn.
20
In fact, two choices.
Thực ra là có hai lựa chọn.
21
Both of which dramatically changed the course of human history for the better.
Cả hai điều này đều đã thay đổi đáng kể tiến trình lịch sử nhân loại theo hướng tốt đẹp hơn.
22
So let me show you how that happened.
Vậy để tôi cho bạn xem điều đó đã xảy ra như thế nào.
23
and what's about to happen next.
và những gì sắp xảy ra tiếp theo.
24
Because it turns out this little sliver at the bottom of the map is actually the center of our whole planet.
Bởi vì hóa ra mảnh đất nhỏ bé ở phía dưới bản đồ này lại chính là trung tâm của cả hành tinh chúng ta.
25
And you need to see this right now, because scientists say that we need to make the next big choice.
Và bạn cần xem điều này ngay bây giờ, bởi vì các nhà khoa học cho rằng chúng ta cần đưa ra lựa chọn lớn tiếp theo.
26
I remember hearing all about the ozone hole as a kid.
Tôi nhớ hồi nhỏ đã nghe nói rất nhiều về lỗ thủng tầng ôzôn.
27
The situation seemed really dire, even at seven years old, but also really far away.
Ngay cả khi mới bảy tuổi, tình hình có vẻ thực sự khủng khiếp, nhưng cũng có cảm giác như đang ở một nơi rất xa vời.
28
The problem is particularly bad in Antarctica.
29
A hole in the atmospheric ozone.
30
Over Antarctica.
31
Antarctica.
32
A huge gap over Antarctica.
33
And then one day, the news about it just stopped.
34
And I stopped thinking about it.
35
Until I got the opportunity to go to that far away place.
36
We're getting on the plane.
37
Gotta admit, I'm a little bit nervous.
38
Turns out, getting to Antarctica is a little sketchy.
39
You can take a ship from the tip of South America, which is scary because then you have to cross the Drake Passage,
40
which is historically known as the deadliest ocean passage in the world.
41
Three oceans collide here.
42
There are an estimated 800 shipwrecks somewhere at the bottom of this passage.
43
Or the other option is to fly on a plane, like this one.
44
We flew from Cape Town, traveling with the White Desert Foundation's Science Week, which supports scientific research in Antarctica.
45
The thing about the plane is it's also not without its scary things.
46
Because the runway that we're about to land on is made of ice.
47
Please fasten your seatbelt.
48
Welcome to Antarctica.
49
Fewer than 5,000 people are allowed on this entire continent right now, almost all of them scientists.
50
No one owns Antarctica.
51
It's an entire continent run by an international treaty system for peace and science.
52
But because it's so hard to get to, doing research here takes a huge effort.
53
It's typically limited to the Antarctic summer.
54
Right now it's summer, and the sun never sets.
55
It's like 10pm right now.
56
10pm to me, because all the time zones meet down here, so there's no official time zone at all.
57
Researchers typically choose the time zone of whoever gives them food, their supply base, and to make things even more complicated, well...
58
It's so slippery and so windy that the wind is pushing me backward, look at this.
59
The wind is pushing me, the wind, I'm not moving backward.
60
It's just hard to do anything here.
61
And it wasn't any easier 40 years ago when researchers first noticed that ozone problem.
62
We are gearing up for what should be about a 10 hour hike.
63
Now I gotta put on these massive spikes to walk across this ice.
64
I can report it is very cold and very windy.
65
I didn't quite realize what we were about to get ourselves into.
66
But what we found at the end was unlike anything I'd ever seen.
67
Up here in the stratosphere, all over the Earth, you'll find a bunch of molecules that shield us from radiation by absorbing harmful UV rays.
68
It's like a natural sunscreen for the Earth.
69
This is the ozone layer.
70
Scientists in this research station have been watching it for decades.
71
One season, they just went, that's weird, it's really low.
72
Like, what's going on here?
73
So a small team set out to Antarctica to find out.
74
Leading the team is Susan Solomon.
75
And I called up the researcher who led that trip.
76
But back then, she was a 30-year-old scientist with a question.
77
A lot of people didn't believe it at first.
78
How can this be happening?
79
You know, what could possibly cause this?
80
What she was about to discover would forever change the lives of you, me, and everyone else on this planet.
81
And the reason that she could figure it out was
82
because of an incredible decision made decades prior that changed the course of history.
83
But while I'm here in Antarctica today, a very real problem is snow blindness because of all the sun reflecting off the ice.
84
Oh my god.
85
Do not take your sunglasses off.
86
Snow blindness is a real thing.
87
It's like looking at the sun.
88
So I had to buy these special sunglasses.
89
And I'm buying them with this.
90
This is my real Mercury card.
91
Mercury is the tool that we've used since we launched to manage our finances.
92
I started my Mercury account before I launched this show.
93
I feel cool.
94
Do I look cool?
95
Mercury really gets that what I want isn't just money storage, it's financial tools that help me actually achieve our big, ambitious, creative goals.
96
It's why when we got the opportunity for this trip, we knew we could actually make it happen.
97
This was by far the biggest trip we've ever done.
98
This was a ton of planning and a ton of gear that we needed to buy.
99
But with all of our finances in one place with Mercury, we could make a budget and stay within it.
100
They helped us get the equipment that we needed to stay safe.
101
And get all of the incredible shots that we were dreaming of.
102
It's all unbelievably intuitive and it's easy to sign up.
103
Mercury's been great for me, and I think it would be for any entrepreneur or small company.
104
It's a financial technology company, not a bank.
105
So if you want to learn more about what they can do, check the link in the description or go to mercury.com.
106
And now, I'm ready to go.
107
If you time traveled back to the 1950s, This incredible place of peace and science was almost a war zone.
108
It's the middle of the Cold War.
109
Antarctica is some of the last unclaimed territory on Earth.
110
So, of course, countries are trying to grab it.
111
If you look at a map during that time, it really looks like pie slices, with overlapping claims and two superpowers saying that they could just claim it all.
112
Everybody was like, this is crazy.
113
But then, one day, a small group of scientists had a different idea.
114
If you ever find yourself doubting that a small group of people can change the world.
115
It's April 5th, 1950.
116
Some of the most famous geophysicists at the time gather together for a dinner party.
117
And someone says something like, you know, we really should study what's going on before they, like, destroy things in Antarctica.
118
And they all agree, so they go to the governments of the biggest countries fighting there, and they say basically, hey,
119
could you just pause on the claiming land thing, just for 18 months?
120
You can get right back to it afterward, we promise.
121
I'm paraphrasing here a lot.
122
But this proposal actually works.
123
And they decided to run a massive collaborative international program called the International Geophysical Year.
124
Also known as the IGY.
125
It was an 18-month global effort starting in July of 1957.
126
All of a sudden, these Cold War rivals are suddenly setting up research stations all over the place, and they begin to uncover just how important Antarctica really is.
127
You can see this if instead of looking at your typical map of the world, you flip it.
128
Every year, ocean water freezes and melts around Antarctica, and that causes these huge changes worldwide.
129
Because as water freezes, salt gets pushed out and sinks, driving all these global currents.
130
The currents in California and India and Australia are all decided in Antarctica.
131
That's why scientists call it the heartbeat of the planet, because this is actually the center of the world.
132
And the size of this continent is way bigger than you think.
133
It's bigger than all of Europe, bigger than the United States, twice the size of Australia.
134
It's huge.
135
They also learned that the ice covering this huge continent was way thicker than we imagined.
136
On average, this ice is over 2 kilometers, or 1.3 miles, thick.
137
Antarctica has a scary amount of water tied up in its ice.
138
Around 91% of the world's total fresh water is in the ice that I'm hiking across right now that if it melted,
139
it would raise global sea levels by nearly 60 meters.
140
All of this would be underwater.
141
Well, there goes my home.
142
During the hike, there was an expression that the scientists kept saying, which was, nothing in Antarctica stays in Antarctica.
143
And the more I learned about this place, the more I understood that.
144
So we're now about halfway to our destination, and the landscape is getting more and more alien.
145
And this is when we come across a little buddy.
146
So they were figuring all of this out,
147
and by 1958, the IGY had been so successful that nobody really wanted to stop and go back to the fighting.
148
So they didn't.
149
Our grandparents' generation chose a different future.
150
And in 1959, governments all around the world signed the Antarctic Treaty,
151
turning this place into the world's only science continent.
152
You can see the treaty happening in real time here.
153
So we just came from a UK camp.
154
That's the Indian base right there called Maitri.
155
And then beyond it, you can see the Russian base called Nova.
156
Today, there are about 70 research stations all around Antarctica, supporting scientists doing all kinds of groundbreaking research.
157
And during the IGY, this particular base started collecting constant data on ozone directly above Antarctica.
158
And by 1985, they had 30 years of data to look back on and could conclusively say, there was a hole and we really needed to fix it.
159
Within a few years it was clear that ozone depletion was happening in the northern hemisphere too.
160
Now it's getting close to the home.
161
And it's happening over places like Washington DC and Boston and Paris, you know.
162
It's not just an Antarctic problem.
163
Dr. Solomon and her team ultimately concluded
164
that the problem was a chemical found in everyday products that were rising into the atmosphere, breaking apart and binding with ozone.
165
And it would get worse if we didn't stop using them.
166
So our parents' generation came together and chose a different future.
167
Do you remember where you were when the Montreal Protocol was signed?
168
What you, like, what was it, what was the experience like for you?
169
Well I was actually in Antarctica making measurements so I was probably the last one to know.
170
It was an interesting feeling of being under the ozone hole knowing that,
171
you know, half a world away an incredible change had just occurred
172
that really had a lot of potential to change things in the future and indeed it did.
173
By 2009, every single country in the world signed the Montreal Protocol, effectively banning those chemicals.
174
But the victory here wasn't just a ban, it was also technological innovation to find replacements.
175
We found substitutes in every application, whether it was foam blowing or spray cans or refrigerators, etc, etc, down the line.
176
And now, yeah, it's working.
177
We're actually seeing the ozone layer recover.
178
And we know that it's recovering because of science still happening in Antarctica.
179
Satellites measure ozone levels from the sky, and scientists here still monitor ozone from the ground.
180
The Indian base, I know that they're doing ozone monitoring, so they're watching how the ozone hole is healing itself from that base right there.
181
We are all very lucky for the work that you did.
182
No, no, it's me that's lucky.
183
But the science here hasn't stopped.
184
It's always changing.
185
And after five hours of hiking across the ice, we're about to find something incredible.
186
This is the Blue Rivers.
187
This is unbelievably beautiful, first of all.
188
And only exists in the Antarctic summers.
189
So liquid water like this does exist on the surface on Antarctica, but it's from the meltwater from the glaciers.
190
And it's likely in liquid form for the first time in hundreds or even thousands of years.
191
And I'm about to drink it.
192
Man, that's good.
193
That's really, genuinely delicious.
194
Don't worry, and don't try this at home.
195
The scientists with us told us that this water was safe to drink.
196
There aren't any ancient bacteria in what we were drinking.
197
But while these seasonal rivers of glacial melt are normal, Something not normal is happening to the ice around the coasts.
198
Further out, around Antarctica, the ocean water is in the part of its cycle where it's melting, helping power the oceans.
199
But during the winters now, less ice is reliably freezing around Antarctica.
200
In 2023, it crashed to the lowest level ever recorded, and it hasn't bounced back,
201
which is starting to disrupt those global currents that we all rely on.
202
And this is just one small piece of how important this continent is.
203
Breakdowns in Antarctica will disrupt weather patterns, meaning more intense storms, declines in global sea life and food supplies, destruction to ecosystems.
204
This is what we are now facing.
205
This is our version of that moment right before the Antarctic Treaty or the Montreal Protocol.
206
But if you're thinking right now, the Antarctic Treaty couldn't possibly have been signed today, you might be right.
207
But I've been thinking about something that Stephen, the scientist here, has been saying, which is the current future is not the future future.
208
Meaning the path that we're on right now doesn't have to be the path that we're on tomorrow.
209
And we're really at a tipping point.
210
Our grandparents' generation came together and instead of turning Antarctica into a war zone, they signed the Antarctic Treaty.
211
And our parents' generation came together and instead of allowing the ozone hole to get bigger, they signed the Montreal Protocol.
212
Are we really gonna be the generation that doesn't work together to solve the next problem?
213
Like, that.
214
That can't possibly be the generation that we're going to be.
215
As someone in that generation, not if we have anything to say about it.
216
People have worked together to solve hard problems before.
217
And we're going to do it again.
218
I left Antarctica feeling so inspired by what people can do when they work together.
219
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Bạn sẽ học được gì
Trong video này, bạn sẽ có cơ hội phát triển nhiều kỹ năng giao tiếp tiếng Anh quan trọng. Đầu tiên, bạn sẽ học cách diễn đạt ý kiến một cách tự tin và rõ ràng khi nói về các vấn đề môi trường, như lỗ thủng ozone. Thứ hai, bạn sẽ cải thiện khả năng lắng nghe và hiểu biết ngữ điệu, từ vựng chuyên ngành thông qua các câu chuyện thực tế. Cuối cùng, việc luyện nói tiếng Anh thông qua shadow speaking sẽ giúp bạn tạo sự tự nhiên và linh hoạt trong giao tiếp hàng ngày.
Nghe những âm thanh này
Khi theo dõi video, bạn sẽ nhận thấy nhiều yếu tố âm thanh hấp dẫn, bao gồm sự nối âm và giảm âm trong lời nói của người diễn giả. Những cụm từ như “the ozone layer” hay “down here” được phát âm một cách liền mạch, giúp bạn nhận ra cách người bản ngữ thường liên kết âm thanh để tạo nên sự mượt mà trong ngữ điệu. Hãy chú ý đến cách họ lướt qua các âm tiết và làm cho những câu nói trở nên sống động hơn.
Nói như người bản ngữ
Để đạt được sự lưu loát trong việc luyện nói tiếng Anh, bạn nên cố gắng bắt chước nhịp điệu và trọng âm của diễn giả trong video. Chú ý đến cách họ nhấn mạnh các từ khóa và điều chỉnh tốc độ nói. Bạn có thể thực hành shadow speech bằng cách lặp lại từng câu sau khi nghe, cố gắng sao cho giọng điệu và cảm xúc của mình gần giống nhất với họ. Phương pháp này không chỉ giúp bạn nâng cao kỹ năng phát âm mà còn tạo cơ hội để thể hiện cá tính riêng trong giao tiếp.
Lời khuyên: Hãy thử luyện tập với những đoạn video hoặc audio khác nhau, và luôn cố gắng phản xạ lại ngữ điệu và cách diễn đạt của người bản ngữ. Điều này sẽ giúp bạn tiến bộ nhanh chóng trong việc giao tiếp tiếng Anh một cách tự nhiên và tự tin hơn!
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been + -ing — việc bắt đầu từ trước và vẫn đang tiếp tục | have been watching · I've been thinking |
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | If you lived anywhere here, you'd get |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have always worshipped · you've probably stopped · we've ever done |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is made · are allowed · was signed |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.