ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Something’s Happening to the Ozone Hole
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219 ประโยค
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1
Ready?
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I'm scaling a glacier right now to show you a view
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that most people can never see of a place we weren't even sure existed until 200 years ago.
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This is Antarctica.
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And in 1985, it became the center of a global crisis.
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The ozone layer still is disappearing.
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A mysterious massive hole.
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The ozone is severely depleted.
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Without immediate action, the sun we have always worshipped, our children will soon fear.
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Directly over Antarctica, high up in the stratosphere, was a massive hole.
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And if we hadn't done anything about it, today we'd be living in an alternate world.
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By now, a hole would be forming over the North Pole as well.
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By 2040, that hole would be over the entire planet.
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By 2065, skin cancer rates would be soaring.
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If you lived anywhere here, you'd get a sunburn outside in five minutes.
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But that's not the world we're living in.
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In fact, you've probably stopped hearing this story altogether.
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That wasn't by accident.
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It was a choice.
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In fact, two choices.
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Both of which dramatically changed the course of human history for the better.
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So let me show you how that happened.
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and what's about to happen next.
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Because it turns out this little sliver at the bottom of the map is actually the center of our whole planet.
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And you need to see this right now, because scientists say that we need to make the next big choice.
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I remember hearing all about the ozone hole as a kid.
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The situation seemed really dire, even at seven years old, but also really far away.
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The problem is particularly bad in Antarctica.
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A hole in the atmospheric ozone.
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Over Antarctica.
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Antarctica.
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A huge gap over Antarctica.
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And then one day, the news about it just stopped.
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And I stopped thinking about it.
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Until I got the opportunity to go to that far away place.
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We're getting on the plane.
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Gotta admit, I'm a little bit nervous.
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Turns out, getting to Antarctica is a little sketchy.
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You can take a ship from the tip of South America, which is scary because then you have to cross the Drake Passage,
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which is historically known as the deadliest ocean passage in the world.
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Three oceans collide here.
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There are an estimated 800 shipwrecks somewhere at the bottom of this passage.
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Or the other option is to fly on a plane, like this one.
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We flew from Cape Town, traveling with the White Desert Foundation's Science Week, which supports scientific research in Antarctica.
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The thing about the plane is it's also not without its scary things.
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Because the runway that we're about to land on is made of ice.
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Please fasten your seatbelt.
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Welcome to Antarctica.
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Fewer than 5,000 people are allowed on this entire continent right now, almost all of them scientists.
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No one owns Antarctica.
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It's an entire continent run by an international treaty system for peace and science.
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But because it's so hard to get to, doing research here takes a huge effort.
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It's typically limited to the Antarctic summer.
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Right now it's summer, and the sun never sets.
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It's like 10pm right now.
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10pm to me, because all the time zones meet down here, so there's no official time zone at all.
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Researchers typically choose the time zone of whoever gives them food, their supply base, and to make things even more complicated, well...
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It's so slippery and so windy that the wind is pushing me backward, look at this.
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The wind is pushing me, the wind, I'm not moving backward.
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It's just hard to do anything here.
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And it wasn't any easier 40 years ago when researchers first noticed that ozone problem.
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We are gearing up for what should be about a 10 hour hike.
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Now I gotta put on these massive spikes to walk across this ice.
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I can report it is very cold and very windy.
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I didn't quite realize what we were about to get ourselves into.
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But what we found at the end was unlike anything I'd ever seen.
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Up here in the stratosphere, all over the Earth, you'll find a bunch of molecules that shield us from radiation by absorbing harmful UV rays.
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It's like a natural sunscreen for the Earth.
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This is the ozone layer.
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Scientists in this research station have been watching it for decades.
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One season, they just went, that's weird, it's really low.
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Like, what's going on here?
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So a small team set out to Antarctica to find out.
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Leading the team is Susan Solomon.
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And I called up the researcher who led that trip.
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But back then, she was a 30-year-old scientist with a question.
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A lot of people didn't believe it at first.
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How can this be happening?
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You know, what could possibly cause this?
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What she was about to discover would forever change the lives of you, me, and everyone else on this planet.
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And the reason that she could figure it out was
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because of an incredible decision made decades prior that changed the course of history.
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But while I'm here in Antarctica today, a very real problem is snow blindness because of all the sun reflecting off the ice.
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Oh my god.
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Do not take your sunglasses off.
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Snow blindness is a real thing.
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It's like looking at the sun.
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So I had to buy these special sunglasses.
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And I'm buying them with this.
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This is my real Mercury card.
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Mercury is the tool that we've used since we launched to manage our finances.
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I started my Mercury account before I launched this show.
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I feel cool.
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Do I look cool?
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Mercury really gets that what I want isn't just money storage, it's financial tools that help me actually achieve our big, ambitious, creative goals.
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It's why when we got the opportunity for this trip, we knew we could actually make it happen.
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This was by far the biggest trip we've ever done.
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This was a ton of planning and a ton of gear that we needed to buy.
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But with all of our finances in one place with Mercury, we could make a budget and stay within it.
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They helped us get the equipment that we needed to stay safe.
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And get all of the incredible shots that we were dreaming of.
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It's all unbelievably intuitive and it's easy to sign up.
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Mercury's been great for me, and I think it would be for any entrepreneur or small company.
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It's a financial technology company, not a bank.
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So if you want to learn more about what they can do, check the link in the description or go to mercury.com.
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And now, I'm ready to go.
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If you time traveled back to the 1950s, This incredible place of peace and science was almost a war zone.
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It's the middle of the Cold War.
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Antarctica is some of the last unclaimed territory on Earth.
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So, of course, countries are trying to grab it.
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If you look at a map during that time, it really looks like pie slices, with overlapping claims and two superpowers saying that they could just claim it all.
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Everybody was like, this is crazy.
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But then, one day, a small group of scientists had a different idea.
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If you ever find yourself doubting that a small group of people can change the world.
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It's April 5th, 1950.
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Some of the most famous geophysicists at the time gather together for a dinner party.
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And someone says something like, you know, we really should study what's going on before they, like, destroy things in Antarctica.
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And they all agree, so they go to the governments of the biggest countries fighting there, and they say basically, hey,
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could you just pause on the claiming land thing, just for 18 months?
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You can get right back to it afterward, we promise.
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I'm paraphrasing here a lot.
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But this proposal actually works.
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And they decided to run a massive collaborative international program called the International Geophysical Year.
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Also known as the IGY.
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It was an 18-month global effort starting in July of 1957.
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All of a sudden, these Cold War rivals are suddenly setting up research stations all over the place, and they begin to uncover just how important Antarctica really is.
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You can see this if instead of looking at your typical map of the world, you flip it.
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Every year, ocean water freezes and melts around Antarctica, and that causes these huge changes worldwide.
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Because as water freezes, salt gets pushed out and sinks, driving all these global currents.
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The currents in California and India and Australia are all decided in Antarctica.
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That's why scientists call it the heartbeat of the planet, because this is actually the center of the world.
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And the size of this continent is way bigger than you think.
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It's bigger than all of Europe, bigger than the United States, twice the size of Australia.
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It's huge.
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They also learned that the ice covering this huge continent was way thicker than we imagined.
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On average, this ice is over 2 kilometers, or 1.3 miles, thick.
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Antarctica has a scary amount of water tied up in its ice.
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Around 91% of the world's total fresh water is in the ice that I'm hiking across right now that if it melted,
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it would raise global sea levels by nearly 60 meters.
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All of this would be underwater.
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Well, there goes my home.
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During the hike, there was an expression that the scientists kept saying, which was, nothing in Antarctica stays in Antarctica.
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And the more I learned about this place, the more I understood that.
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So we're now about halfway to our destination, and the landscape is getting more and more alien.
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And this is when we come across a little buddy.
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So they were figuring all of this out,
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and by 1958, the IGY had been so successful that nobody really wanted to stop and go back to the fighting.
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So they didn't.
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Our grandparents' generation chose a different future.
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And in 1959, governments all around the world signed the Antarctic Treaty,
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turning this place into the world's only science continent.
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You can see the treaty happening in real time here.
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So we just came from a UK camp.
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That's the Indian base right there called Maitri.
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And then beyond it, you can see the Russian base called Nova.
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Today, there are about 70 research stations all around Antarctica, supporting scientists doing all kinds of groundbreaking research.
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And during the IGY, this particular base started collecting constant data on ozone directly above Antarctica.
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And by 1985, they had 30 years of data to look back on and could conclusively say, there was a hole and we really needed to fix it.
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Within a few years it was clear that ozone depletion was happening in the northern hemisphere too.
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Now it's getting close to the home.
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And it's happening over places like Washington DC and Boston and Paris, you know.
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It's not just an Antarctic problem.
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Dr. Solomon and her team ultimately concluded
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that the problem was a chemical found in everyday products that were rising into the atmosphere, breaking apart and binding with ozone.
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And it would get worse if we didn't stop using them.
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So our parents' generation came together and chose a different future.
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Do you remember where you were when the Montreal Protocol was signed?
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What you, like, what was it, what was the experience like for you?
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Well I was actually in Antarctica making measurements so I was probably the last one to know.
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It was an interesting feeling of being under the ozone hole knowing that,
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you know, half a world away an incredible change had just occurred
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that really had a lot of potential to change things in the future and indeed it did.
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By 2009, every single country in the world signed the Montreal Protocol, effectively banning those chemicals.
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But the victory here wasn't just a ban, it was also technological innovation to find replacements.
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We found substitutes in every application, whether it was foam blowing or spray cans or refrigerators, etc, etc, down the line.
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And now, yeah, it's working.
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We're actually seeing the ozone layer recover.
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And we know that it's recovering because of science still happening in Antarctica.
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Satellites measure ozone levels from the sky, and scientists here still monitor ozone from the ground.
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The Indian base, I know that they're doing ozone monitoring, so they're watching how the ozone hole is healing itself from that base right there.
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We are all very lucky for the work that you did.
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No, no, it's me that's lucky.
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But the science here hasn't stopped.
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It's always changing.
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And after five hours of hiking across the ice, we're about to find something incredible.
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This is the Blue Rivers.
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This is unbelievably beautiful, first of all.
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And only exists in the Antarctic summers.
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So liquid water like this does exist on the surface on Antarctica, but it's from the meltwater from the glaciers.
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And it's likely in liquid form for the first time in hundreds or even thousands of years.
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And I'm about to drink it.
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Man, that's good.
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That's really, genuinely delicious.
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Don't worry, and don't try this at home.
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The scientists with us told us that this water was safe to drink.
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There aren't any ancient bacteria in what we were drinking.
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But while these seasonal rivers of glacial melt are normal, Something not normal is happening to the ice around the coasts.
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Further out, around Antarctica, the ocean water is in the part of its cycle where it's melting, helping power the oceans.
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But during the winters now, less ice is reliably freezing around Antarctica.
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In 2023, it crashed to the lowest level ever recorded, and it hasn't bounced back,
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which is starting to disrupt those global currents that we all rely on.
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And this is just one small piece of how important this continent is.
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Breakdowns in Antarctica will disrupt weather patterns, meaning more intense storms, declines in global sea life and food supplies, destruction to ecosystems.
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This is what we are now facing.
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This is our version of that moment right before the Antarctic Treaty or the Montreal Protocol.
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But if you're thinking right now, the Antarctic Treaty couldn't possibly have been signed today, you might be right.
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But I've been thinking about something that Stephen, the scientist here, has been saying, which is the current future is not the future future.
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Meaning the path that we're on right now doesn't have to be the path that we're on tomorrow.
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And we're really at a tipping point.
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Our grandparents' generation came together and instead of turning Antarctica into a war zone, they signed the Antarctic Treaty.
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And our parents' generation came together and instead of allowing the ozone hole to get bigger, they signed the Montreal Protocol.
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Are we really gonna be the generation that doesn't work together to solve the next problem?
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Like, that.
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That can't possibly be the generation that we're going to be.
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As someone in that generation, not if we have anything to say about it.
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People have worked together to solve hard problems before.
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And we're going to do it again.
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I left Antarctica feeling so inspired by what people can do when they work together.
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If you want to see more optimistic science and tech stories, subscribe to support our show.
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ทำไมการฝึกพูดกับวิดีโอนี้จึงสำคัญ?
การฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษผ่านวิดีโอที่นำเสนอเรื่องราวเกี่ยวกับชั้นบรรยากาศโอโซนเป็นวิธีที่ดีในการพัฒนาทักษะการพูดของคุณ คุณจะได้เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับสถานการณ์ที่สำคัญและคำศัพท์ที่ใช้ในบริบทจริง นอกจากนี้ การเข้าใจหัวข้อที่ลึกซึ้งเช่นนี้จะช่วยให้คุณมีความมั่นใจในการสนทนาเกี่ยวกับปัญหาสิ่งแวดล้อมและวิทยาศาสตร์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง คุณสามารถฝึกพูดตามเสียงในวิดีโอได้ ซึ่งเป็นการทำชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษที่มีประสิทธิภาพ
ไวยากรณ์และสำนวนในบริบท
ในวิดีโอนี้มีโครงสร้างและสำนวนน่าสนใจหลายประการที่ช่วยเสริมสร้างความเข้าใจในการพูดภาษาอังกฤษ
- "The ozone layer still is disappearing." - โครงสร้างนี้ใช้เพื่อเน้นถึงสถานการณ์ที่ยังคงเกิดขึ้น
- "Without immediate action..." - การใช้ "without" แสดงถึงเงื่อนไขที่ขาดหายไป
- "It's a natural sunscreen for the Earth." - การเปรียบเทียบเพื่ออธิบายฟังก์ชันของชั้นโอโซน
- "This is just one small piece of how important this continent is." - การใช้ "this is just one small piece" เพื่อเน้นความสำคัญในบริบทกว้าง
การเข้าใจการใช้โครงสร้างเหล่านี้จะทำให้คุณสามารถใช้ประโยคที่ซับซ้อนได้อย่างมั่นใจในการสนทนา
กับดักการออกเสียงที่พบบ่อย
การออกเสียงคำบางคำในวิดีโออาจเป็นความท้าทายสำหรับผู้เรียนภาษาอังกฤษ
- "Antarctica" - คำนี้มักออกเสียงผิดเนื่องจากมีตัวอักษรและเสียงที่ไม่คุ้นเคย
- "ozone layer" - คำว่า "ozone" อาจมีการออกเสียงที่แตกต่างกันไปในแต่ละภูมิภาค
- "depleted" - คำนี้อาจมีการออกเสียงที่ยากสำหรับผู้เรียน เนื่องจากเสียง "t" ที่ต้องเน้น
การฟังและพูดตามในวิดีโอจะช่วยให้คุณทำความเข้าใจการออกเสียงที่ถูกต้องมากขึ้น และลดความผิดพลาดในการพูดของคุณเมื่อใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | have been watching · I've been thinking |
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If you lived anywhere here, you'd get |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have always worshipped · you've probably stopped · we've ever done |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is made · are allowed · was signed |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ