Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Something weird is happening in Indonesia…

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A few weeks ago, police raided a house in Jakarta.

Inside, they found 74 kilos of gold bars and 26 million dollars in cash.

Nice.

The owner?

The top anti -corruption prosecutor of Indonesia.

The guy whose job is catching dirty money.

Now, corruption stories come out of a lot of countries.

Usually, nobody cares.

But not this time.

Because this raid landed in the middle of something much bigger.

Indonesia's currency has crashed to its weakest level ever.

The stock market is down 26%, one of the worst in Asia, and billions of dollars are leaving the country.

From foreign funds and from Indonesians who don't trust their own system anymore.

The government's answer is well, quite a surprise.

They are locking the doors so the money can't get out.

In this video, I'll show you what's really happening in Indonesia

and why the people who know this country the best are the ones panicking the most.

My name is Bertrand.

I've been doing business in Asia for 26 years.

I'm not guessing how things work here.

I deal with them every week.

That's why I created this channel to share my perspective from the inside.

If that's useful to you, subscribe.

For 20 years, Indonesia has been the silent overachiever of Asia.

Growth around 5 % almost every single year with a regularity that most governments would kill for.

And it did it without the usual emerging market roller coaster.

No default, no IMF drama since the 90s.

Just the same steady number year in year out.

It's the fourth biggest population on earth, 280 million people.

Most of them are young enough that the country's best years are still ahead of it.

Adjust for purchasing power and Indonesia is already the seven largest economy in the world, bigger than France.

Most people have no idea.

And the country sits on 42 % of the world's nickel reserves the metal inside every EV battery.

For decades, Indonesia did what poor countries always do.

Dig the ore, ship it raw, watch someone else capture the profit.

But in 2020, it stopped.

The export of raw nickel ore got banned.

You want Indonesian nickel?

Then you build in Indonesia and you hire Indonesians to do it.

Every consultant say this will scare investors away.

Instead, billions flooded in.

Funds trusted this country with their money because of the discipline.

The 1998 crisis nearly killed Indonesia.

Out of that trauma, the country wrote itself a rule.

The budget deficit stays under 3 % of GDP.

It's not a promise, it's a law.

Every government respected it for 20 years, including through COVID.

On paper, Indonesia is doing amazing.

It has a huge domestic market, relatively low public debt, strategic resources and a young population.

Its economy is not collapsing in the traditional sense.

That is precisely what makes the current situation so interesting.

The economic foundations still look strong but investors are becoming less confident in the institutions managing them.

Since late 2024, the funds that spent 20 years buying the Indonesia story have been selling it.

First in silence, now in the open.

And the speed of that exit is the kind you normally only see when a country is about to break.

In June, the rupiah crashed through 18 ,000 to the dollar, the weakest level in its entire history.

Weaker than 1998, when the crisis brought down a dictatorship.

So, the government made a crazy move.

Parliament amended a financial law.

On the surface, technical stuff.

But buried inside it, won't close.

Anyone who buys special bonds from Danantara, the state giant investment fund, receives legal immunity.

Immunity from criminal prosecution, civil lawsuits or tax investigations.

Think about who that offer attracts.

If your money is clean, immunity is worth nothing to you.

The market understood immediately and the rupee has started falling again the same week.

The stock market tells the same story.

Since Prabowo took office, the Jakarta index has lost more than a quarter of its value.

In February, it went through a really bad crash.

The trigger was a press release from MSCI, the company that decides which countries qualified as real investment markets.

They basically threatened to reclassify Indonesia as a frontier market.

Frontier?

The same category as Kenya or Bangladesh.

For the seventh largest economy on earth, that's tough.

If that happens, every fund that tracks emerging market indexes has to sell Indonesia, because their own rules force them to.

Then Moody's join in with a negative credit outlook, one step before a downgrade.

Foreign investors panicked and have pulled about $8 .9 billion out of Indonesian assets.

Some of this movement might just be investors reducing exposure to emerging markets, but domestic capital appears to be living on an even larger scale.

Indonesians themselves have moved.

28 .2 billion out of their own country, three times more than the foreigners.

The people with the best information about Indonesia are the ones running the fastest.

Add it all up and the country's balance of payments, which was sitting on a comfortable surplus two years ago,

has flipped to a 9 billion dollars deficit.

The central bank is burning reserves to slow the fall, 10 billion dollars gone in the first half of this year alone.

It's very weird because it looks like a reaction to a recession.

But officially, Indonesia is still growing above 5%, one of the best numbers of any major economy.

So either the smartest money in Asia has lost its mind, or it knows something about that 5 % that you don't.

Let me explain.

Indonesia is a giant commodity exporter.

Coal, pine oil, and of course nickel.

When world prices for those swing, the economy should swing with them.

That's how it works everywhere.

Yet Indonesia's official growth prints 5 % every quarter.

Boom years, crisis years, oil shock, trade war, always 5%.

An economy that never has a bad quarter is strange.

At some point, you stop admiring it and start checking what's wrong.

Local economists did exactly that.

Last year, a group of them requested a private meeting with the finance ministry to ask how exactly the numbers were being produced.

Then came the first quarter of this year.

100

The government announced 5 .6 % gross, a 3 -year high, right in the middle of a currency collapse.

101

Dig into that release and you find that a big chunk of the gross comes from unsold goods piling up in warehouses.

102

Stuff nobody bought yet but counted as gross in the official math.

103

That's not really a boom, it's more good PR.

104

You also find manufacturing supposedly booming, while electricity use fell over the same period.

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Factories that produce more while consuming less power.

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That would be a world first.

107

And you don't need the statistics degree to feel that something is off.

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Just ask the Indonesian middle class or what's left of it.

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In 2019, 57 million Indonesians qualified as middle class.

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Today, fewer than 47 million do.

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And no, they didn't get rich and move up.

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They fell down into what the statistics office politely called the aspiring middle class.

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Not poor, just one band mount away from it.

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That group now counts 142 million people.

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More than half the country lives just below the middle class line.

116

How does that happen in a country that grows 5 % a year?

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Nobody can prove these numbers are fake.

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And that's not the point.

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They might not even be.

120

And yes, I know the stock market has recovered a bit since the fall.

121

But the point is that the people managing billions have stopped believing in the figures.

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And once markets stop believing in your data, they price you like a country with something to hide,

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especially when they look at who's holding the will.

124

Prabowo came to power promising 8 % growth.

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His signature project is a giant free meal program for 80 million school children and pregnant women.

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The single program now eats around 10 % of the entire state budget.

127

The idea itself is not irrational.

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Better childhood nutrition can improve health and long -term productivity, and Indonesia still faces serious problems with malnutrition.

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The concern is the scale and speed of the rollout.

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A useful social program can still become a fiscal and administrative risk

131

if the government expends it faster than it can supervise or finance it.

132

Then, war broke out in Iran oil jumped above $90.

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Indonesia imports most of its oil and subsidizes fuel at the pump.

134

So, they watched both bills explode at once.

135

Remember the sacred 3 % deficit rule from earlier?

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The finance ministry ran the numbers.

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At these oil prices, the deficit blows through it.

138

A disciplined government would cut something.

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For over a year, Prabowo refused to touch any of it.

140

Instead, the central bank started printing money to buy government debt.

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Shortly after Prabowo installed his nephew as its deputy governor, the country's billionaires were strong -armed into buying so -called Patriot Bonds.

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They fired the respected finance ministry who built Indonesia's credibility over a decade.

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And the corruption, you already know about the gold bars.

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What you don't know is where the latest scandal landed, inside the free meals program itself.

145

In June, the head of the agency running it was detained for allegedly selling procurement rights to supply kitchens.

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Faced with that, the government has two options, rebuild trust or stop the money from leaving.

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Indonesia picked the second one.

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Since early 2025, Indonesia has been closing its financial doors one by one.

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Watch the sequence.

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Door number one, the exporters.

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If you export commodities from Indonesia, the dollars you earn no longer belong entirely to you.

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You must park them in state -controlled banks for a minimum

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of one year with strict limits on what you can take out.

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The government's logic is simple.

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That's 80 billion dollars in foreign currency it gets to keep inside the country.

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Door number 2.

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Everyone else.

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Nine months ago, an Indonesian business could buy up to 100 ,000 dollars without providing paperwork.

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Today, that ceiling is 10 ,000, a 90 % cut.

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Door number three, and this one shocked even people who thought they had seen everything.

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In May, Prabowo created a new state agency called DSI.

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Its job is simple, become the mandatory middleman for Indonesia's commodity exports.

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If you produce coal, time oil or certain nickel products in Indonesia, you can no longer sell them to the world yourself.

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You sell them to the state and the state sells it for you.

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Of course, they touch the dollars first.

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Officially, it's about fighting tax avoidance.

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In practice, the state just took control of the country's biggest sources of foreign currency in the middle of a currency crisis.

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You do the math.

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Even the rating agencies can't figure out how this agency works.

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Moody's cited the lack of clarity around DSI as one of its main reasons for keeping Indonesia on negative watch.

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Now, bring this down to your level.

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Say you source from Indonesia or you're eyeing it as your China alternative.

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Your supplier's cash is now locked in a state bank.

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Its costs move with a currency that lost 14 % in 18 months.

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None of that shows up in the GDP numbers.

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So where does it show up?

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In the payments.

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At Statress, that's the part we see firsthand and there's a pattern.

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When a country starts trapping money, the first people to react are the local suppliers.

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They start asking to be paid into accounts in Singapore or Hong Kong instead of locally.

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They push for bigger deposits up front.

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Your supplier isn't being difficult.

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He's protecting himself from his own banking system.

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So, if your Indonesian partners suddenly change how they want to get paid, that's the earliest warning about the country.

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Last week, Parliament just approved the creation of an international financial centre.

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He will probably be in Bali and is designed to compete with Singapore, Hong Kong and Dubai.

187

The offer is a 100 % corporate tax reduction.

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Golden visa holders who live there won't even count as Indonesian tax residents.

189

They'll have special courts.

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The law went from first debate to final approval in under three weeks.

191

Indonesia is offering the world 0 % tax in a country where exporters can't touch their own dollars.

192

They're treating a trust problem the wrong way.

193

At this point, it would be easy to write Indonesia off.

194

That would also be a mistake.

195

None of the problems we have discussed erases the country's qualities, and some investors believe the sell -off is exaggerated.

196

In July, while everyone was busy writing obituaries, the Jakarta index climbed more than 10%.

197

Alan Gray, an investment found known for buying exactly what everyone hates, just made its first

198

Indonesian investment ever and foreign direct investment hit a record in the second quarter, up 27 % in a year.

199

Even the rating agencies disagree with each other.

200

While Moody's wave a red flag, S &P just reconfirm Indonesia's investment grade with a stable outlook.

201

So, which side is right?

202

The buyers or the sellers?

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Maybe both, actually.

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They're just not making the same bet.

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The buyers are betting that the assets are too cheap for a country this size.

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The settlers are betting that the rules will keep changing under their feet.

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Now, everybody is looking at the next move the government will pull out.

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There is still a credible positive scenario.

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The government could clarify DSI's mandate, preserve the independence of Bank Indonesia, keep the budget deficit within the believable past,

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and make the foreign currency rules more predictable.

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If it does that, Indonesia will stop damaging its credibility.

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Moody's has given itself 6 to 12 months to decide whether Indonesia keeps its investment great.

213

But that's not the real emergency.

214

Indonesia took drastic measures in the last few months, each one bigger than the last, each one buying less time.

215

Argentina spent decades on that treadmill, so did Venezuela.

216

Indonesia is not there today.

217

But once temporary capital controls become permanent, removing them becomes politically and financially difficult.

218

Very few countries have stepped off it voluntarily.

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Because the moment you lose in the control, the money you trap runs for the exit.

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And you're back to square one with less trust than before.

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So forget the gross number for a few months.

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Over the next year, watch one thing.

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The doors.

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If Jakarta starts reopening them, this becomes a rough patch in a great story.

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If the doors keep multiplying, you'll know which way this is going long before any official admits it.

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If this video helped you see Asia more clearly, subscribe.

227

And if you do business with Indonesia or you're watching this from Jakarta and the picture on the ground looks different, tell me in the comments.

228

I'll read them all.

229

See you in the next video.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “Something weird is happening in Indonesia…”. Video này có 192 câu và 2418 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 15:18. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 158 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. Chỉ 81% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
currency danh từ	/ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/	tiền tệ, ngoại tệ
deficit danh từ	/ˈdɛfəsɪt/	sự thâm hụt
investor danh từ	/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/	người đầu tư
nickel danh từ	/ˈnɪk.əl/	nikel
boom động từ	/bum/	nổ bùm, nổ đùng
commodity danh từ	/kəˈmɑdəti/	thương phẩm, hàng hoá
meal danh từ	/ˈmiːl/	bữa, bữa cơm
shock danh từ	/ʃɔk/	choáng, ngạc nhiên
exit danh từ	/ˈɛɡzət/	lối ra
swing động từ	/ˈswɪŋ/	đu, đung đưa
seventh tính từ	/ˈsɛvənθ/	thứ bảy
discipline danh từ	/ˈdɪsəplɪn/	kỉ luật
palm danh từ	/pɑm/	gan bàn tay, lòng bàn tay
collapse động từ	/kəˈlæps/	đổ, sập
rat danh từ	/ɹæt/	chuột

Những câu đáng luyện lại

Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:

I'm not guessing how things work here.
If that's useful to you, subscribe.
Your supplier isn't being difficult.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been + -ing — việc bắt đầu từ trước và vẫn đang tiếp tục	I've been doing · have been selling · has been closing
Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả	If it does that, Indonesia will stop · If the doors keep multiplying, you'll know
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	has crashed · has been · has started
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	being produced · was detained · is now locked

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 21 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, can't, you're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: seventh /ˈsɛvənθ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: corruption /kəˈɹʌpʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, credibility /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/

Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:

Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, seventh /ˈsɛvənθ/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, silence /ˈsaɪ̯ləns/
Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, strategic /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/, signature /ˈsɪɡ.nə.t͡ʃə/, patch /pæt͡ʃ/
Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: collapse /kəˈlæps/, rat /ɹæt/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như currency, deficit, investor.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Something weird is happening in Indonesia…

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