Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: What is Ethereum Gas? (Examples + Easy Explanation)
Đang tạo bài học...
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Let's say you're standing in line at Starbucks waiting for your coffee
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and you notice that there's maybe 4 people in front of you.
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Normally you'd look at this number and you'd think about your wait time, but just for the fun of it,
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now let's say that you're thinking about the 4 people in correlation to both your wait time and your new transaction fee.
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Because in this thought experiment, the more people that are waiting for coffee, the higher the price to get your coffee.
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Why?
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Because this coffee shop works like an auction, and serves coffee to the people who will pay the highest transaction fee first.
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So you get up to the counter
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and your barista says your coffee will be $8 plus a transaction fee of $2 which would come out to $10 total.
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Now let's imagine that there are 300 people standing in line for coffee because they just released their new pumpkin spice flavor.
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Since there are 300 people in line, the average transaction fee to get your coffee soon is $50.
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That's outrageous you think.
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You could pay your old $2 if you wanted to, but you would be waiting all morning, all day, evening until the rush of pumpkin heads died down.
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Instead, you pay the $50 transaction fee on your $8 coffee, coming to a total of $58 for your morning cup of joe.
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Welcome to Whiteboard Crypto, where we explain cryptocurrency topics in a way
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that is so easy to understand your grandpa would smash the like button.
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Hopefully, you connected with that pumpkin spice analogy because it's relevant to Ethereum
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and something you're going to learn about today called Ethereum Gas.
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So what is Ethereum and what is Ethereum Gas?
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Well first off, Ethereum is programmable money.
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Basically, you can use it to do things.
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For example, if you wanted to, you could add 4 plus 4 and then Ethereum would tell you that the answer is 8, but it would cost you 3 gas.
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If you wanted to check your friend's Ethereum wallet balance because you want to know how much money he has, you might need 400 gas.
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And if you wanted the network to send some ether that you have to your friend, you would have to pay 21,000 gas.
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Now you might be wondering, why the heck would I have to pay to have Ethereum do some simple addition for me?
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Well, if you keep watching this video, I'm going to explain it at the end.
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And oh yeah, it's called gas because it's similar to the gasoline that you put in your car.
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It is the fuel that powers the code and computations that happen on the Ethereum network.
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So just like I said, Ethereum is programmable money.
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And we have gas as a way to make sure
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that these things don't change even if the price of Ethereum skyrockets or plummets.
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It should always take three gas to add two numbers, whether the price of Ethereum is $200 or $20,000.
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However, one thing we do have to do is convert the amount of gas to the cost of gas.
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So to find out how much it will truly cost, we need to multiply gas cost by the gas price.
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The gas cost of things doesn't change.
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It's always 21,000 gas for a transaction or 400 gas to check a balance.
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But the price of one gas does change.
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And this is where something weird called GUE comes in.
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So what is GUE?
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Well, GUE stands for GIGAWAY.
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Now, you can think about it like this.
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A WAY is like one penny that is to a dollar, or one satoshi to a bitcoin.
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Instead, it's for Ethereum.
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So there are actually one quintillion ways in one Ethereum.
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And because that is a ridiculously small amount,
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we instead use GIGAWAY, which is 0.000000001 Ether.
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Now, personally, I learn best by examples and actually seeing something in action.
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So to learn what Ethereum gas is, let's go over a simple example.
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Let's say you want to send some money to your friend.
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Well first, we're going to have to know some things.
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The first thing we need to know is the price of what a transaction costs.
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Well that is 21,000 gas.
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This number never changes.
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The next thing we need to know is the price of Ethereum.
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Right now, Ethereum is at $2,000 USD.
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And this number actually changes all the time.
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And the third thing that we need to know is the price of gas.
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And this actually can be whatever you want it to be, but the higher that it is, the faster that this calculation will be performed.
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And we'll talk about that in a little bit.
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But right now let's assume the average price of gas is 100 Guay.
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So this means the cost of the transaction is 21,000 gas times 100 Guay.
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So let's do some simple math and reduce this.
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If we do 21,000 times .0000100 because that's 100 Guay, we get what it is equal to in Ether.
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And this comes out to .0021 Ethereum.
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This means that it costs us .0021 Ethereum to send a transaction.
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If you want to figure out how much actual cash that is, you take .0021 and you multiply it by the price of Ethereum,
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which is $2,000, and you get $4.20.
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This means that it costs $4.20 to make a transaction.
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So breaking this down, to find out how much something costs to perform on the Ethereum network, you take the price of the action times the cost of gas,
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and that gives you the amount of Ethereum it takes to perform that task.
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And if you want to convert that to how much actual cash or how many United States dollars it takes, you just take that amount of ether and you multiply it by the current price of ether.
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So I hope that this explanation was helpful.
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In fact, there's a little cool resource I want to share.
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If you're curious what the current price of gas is, you can actually check out ethgasstation.info.
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There's a link in the description below if you want to look at it.
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But while we're at it, let's go over one more example just to make sure you get the hang of it.
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Let's assume the same situation as above, but for this example, we're going to say that the network is very busy, and because of this the cost of gas is high.
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Now the cost of gas is 700 guay instead of 100 guay.
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So to calculate how much it would cost to send your friends some money, we have to plug in these numbers into the equation.
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Remember the equation is price of action, price of whatever the action is in gas, times the cost of gas in guay, times the ethereum price in dollars.
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So here we go.
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The price of a transaction is still 21,000 gas.
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However this time the cost of gas is now 700 Guay which is equal to .000000700 Ether.
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And the price of Ethereum is still the same for this example, we're going to use $2000.
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So we multiply all of those together,
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21000 times .0000007 times 2000 and we end up with a transaction fee of $29.40.
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So because the network is congested and tons of people are waiting on it to do stuff, this This transaction will cost $29.40 to send money to your friend,
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and that transaction cost is the same whether you're sending $5 or whether you're sending $5 million.
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And this is the beauty and the downfall of this system.
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Now moving on, earlier I said that the gas price can be different, and this is where we go back to the coffee analogy.
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Let's say there are people standing in line for coffee, and the people willing to pay the most get their coffee the first.
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Since Ethereum miners can only include a certain number of transactions per block, they pick whichever ones pay them the most right now they get those fees as a reward.
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So for example, you could spend 100 guay or 10 guay or even a thousand guay if you wanted to.
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If you spend 10 guay, it might take a few hours to get confirmed.
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But if you spend 1000 guay, it could be confirmed almost immediately.
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It really depends how bad you want your coffee.
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And if you want to think about it better, imagine yourself as a miner and on average you're getting a $5 to mine some transactions.
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However, some guy gives you a $50 tip and tells you to hurry up and do his.
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You can be sure that you're going to be doing his very quickly.
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However, if someone's like, well, 20 cents is all I got, do with it what you can, you're only going to do it when all the other transactions are finished first.
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Now this far in the video, you might be wondering why we need all of this.
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Because it's very confusing.
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GWE and GAS were actually implemented into the Ethereum network so people had to pay for code to be ran.
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Imagine if you could write a piece of code that said, I want someone to do this action for free forever.
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Well, without a GAS limit and a GWE price, they could actually write code that went on forever, ruining the entire blockchain.
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Another thing I want to talk about in this video is something called EIP-1559.
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Improvement Plan, which is what EIP stands for, and the number is 1559, it is said to go live in July of 2021.
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And what it will do is take whatever the transaction fee is for a transaction and essentially burn it.
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It'll be gone forever.
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Now right now, while we are posting this video, the miners still get that fee, and it can equal up to an extra $4,000 per block.
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This makes mining very profitable.
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In fact, Ethereum is the most profitable coin to mine right now.
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However, After July 2021, these fees will be burned and gone forever.
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This means mining could be less profitable, which could mean less miners and also less expensive GPUs due to supply and demand.
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I don't want to give my personal opinion on this, but it will be very interesting to see whether this actually gets implemented at all, and if it does, how the network and the miners will react to it.
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And ending this video, I want to answer the main question.
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Why would you want to do something as simple as adding two numbers in Ethereum?
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So I said earlier that Ethereum is programmable money.
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In fact, you can write entire programs, and even whole functioning websites that work using Ethereum.
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These are called decentralized applications, or what we call them, dApps dApps function by running code that you paid for to do certain things,
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and on the Ethereum network you can literally write programming code to run certain functions.
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So adding or addition is really basic, but it's the foundation of code.
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You can also subtract, multiply, divide, and from there you can do other logic things like if-then statements and for loops, and it gets really complicated very quickly.
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With enough imagination and education, you can actually create an entire decentralized exchange like Uniswap,
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where you can trade coins for other coins without there being a central authority, like Coinbase.
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But that's a video for another day.
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If you enjoyed this video, please please please hit that like button and subscribe, because it helps us like you can't even imagine.
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We are just starting this channel, and every little bit helps.
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We love making these videos, but they take a lot of time and even money to produce.
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However, we know that they will help someone, because creating them helps us understand these topics even better too.
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Anyways, we hope that you learned something, and we hope to see you in the next video.
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Thanks for watching!
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 132 câu và 1959 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:38. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 203 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 89% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| miner danh từ | /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/ | thợ mỏ |
| coin danh từ | /ˈkoɪ̯n/ | đồng tiền |
| pumpkin danh từ | /ˈpʌm(p).kɪn/ | bí ngô, bí đỏ |
| topic danh từ | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | chủ đề |
| confirm động từ | /kənˈfɝm/ | xác nhận |
| implement động từ | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | thực hiện, chấp hành |
| convert động từ | /kənˈvɝt/ | cải đạo |
| equation danh từ | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | phương trình |
| spouse danh từ | /spaʊ̯s/ | chồng, vợ |
| analogy danh từ | /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/ | loại suy |
| complicated tính từ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | phức tạp |
| curious tính từ | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | tò mò |
| helpful tính từ | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | hay giúp đỡ |
| resource danh từ | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | tài nguyên |
| connect động từ | /kəˈnɛkt/ | nối |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| check out động từ | tính tiền, trả phòng |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | if you wanted to, but you would be |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | will be performed · is congested · could be confirmed |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who will · GIGAWAY, which is · Guay which is |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 22 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, we're, don't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, ether /ˈi.θɚ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như miner, coin, pumpkin.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.