Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: William Buckley: the Wild White Man
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63 câu
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1
DES COWLEY: My name's Des Cowley of the Rare Printed Collections at the State Library, Victoria.
DES COWLEY: Tôi là Des Cowley, phụ trách bộ sưu tập ấn phẩm quý hiếm tại Thư viện Nhà nước Victoria.
2
What I'm going to show you is a range of early documents and printed material relating to the story of the escaped convict William Buckley.
Những gì tôi sắp trình bày cho các bạn là một loạt các tài liệu sơ khai và tài liệu in liên quan đến câu chuyện về tù vượt ngục William Buckley.
3
Now, the earliest recorded document relating to the story is John Batman's journal.
Hiện nay, tài liệu được ghi nhận sớm nhất liên quan đến câu chuyện này là nhật ký của John Batman.
4
Batman travelled in May of 1835 to Port Phillip with the express purpose of making a treaty with the local Aborigines to acquire 600,000 acres of land.
Batman đã đi đến Port Phillip vào tháng Năm năm 1835 với mục đích rõ ràng là ký một hiệp ước với người bản địa địa phương để giành quyền sở hữu 600.000 mẫu đất.
5
And it was on the 6th of June in that year that he records having made a treaty with the Aboriginal population.
Và chính vào ngày 6 tháng Sáu năm đó, ông ghi chép lại rằng đã ký một hiệp ước với người dân bản địa.
6
This is the deed that according to Batman was signed during that visit to Port Phillip and this records the transaction between Batman and the local Aborigines.
7
Now, we can see the supposed mark of the local chiefs as Batman referred to them and also the marks of the witnesses including Todd.
8
Batman also had with him seven Aborigines from New South Wales who were meant to act as interpreters.
9
But of course with different dialects, they were unable to carry out that role.
10
When Batman returns to Hobart on the 8th of June, 1835, he leaves at his camp three of his servants including William Todd.
11
Todd's the only literate member of the group and in fact, Batman leaves a small journal with Todd and asks him to keep a record of activities at the camp until he returns.
12
This is in many ways where the documentary recording of Buckley's story really takes place because it's Todd who records for the very first time Buckley coming into Batman's camp at Indented Head on 6th July and he describes him in some detail.
13
And Todd, in fact, interestingly enough, records the tattoo on Buckley's arm which has a WB for 'Buckley' and it has a sun and a moon and a small creature.
14
Buckley at this stage has lost most of his language skills and is unable to communicate.
15
But when he's given bread, the word 'bread' triggers something and he's suddenly able to start to remember the language he hasn't used since 1803.
16
Todd's journal, in a sense, records the first meeting, the pivotal moment when Buckley in fact re-enters European society.
17
In August 1835, John Batman returned to the Port Phillip district, the camp at Indented Head, and brought with him John Helder Wedge, a surveyor who was also a member of the Port Phillip Association.
18
It was Wedge's role to actually survey the claim of land that in fact had been part of the treaty with the local Aborigines.
19
This is the very first manuscript map which documents the area and we see on it the camp marked at Indented Head, we see what's referred to as Wedge's Range, we have the track that Batman took on his original survey of the area.
20
Buckley assisted Wedge on his surveying of the region.
21
He assisted with Aboriginal words for regions and we see here that Geelong is taken from the Aboriginal.
22
He helped as an interpreter and in fact, Wedge also names Buckley Falls after William Buckley.
23
When Wedge carries out his survey of the Port Phillip district, he keeps with him a field book, records the notes of his journey as well as illustrations.
24
He records, again, details of Buckley.
25
But what we also find is the very first illustration of William Buckley, sitting there in the camp looking extremely unhappy with his situation.
26
And again, we see Buckley clothed on the very next page.
27
When Governor Bourke in New South Wales first hears of Buckley's tale, he finds it fascinating and in fact states,'It would be good if someone could actually take down Buckley's story.' In 1837, the Reverend Langhorne who was based in Port Phillip records Buckley's story for the very first time.
28
This is actually the manuscript of Langhorne's account.
29
It only runs to several pages but in fact it's the earliest document that we have where Buckley in fact tells his own story.
30
Langhorne stated that he found it difficult to converse with Buckley.
31
Buckley's language skills were still very basic at the time but it's recorded in the first person and Buckley tells a narrative recounting those 32 years.
32
It's an important document because it's the closest we have to the source and the account of Buckley at the actual time of the events.
33
It was a little-known document and it wasn't published until the first time in 1911 in The Age newspaper.
34
In 1848 in April, a fiction about the life of Buckley was published in the Geelong Advertiser.
35
It was entitled Waroon The Strong: A Tale Illustrative Of The Times Of Buckley.
36
And it was serialised through a number of issues in the paper over the coming weeks.
37
It's entirely fictitious work and at one stage has Buckley wielding a cutlass in one of his many battles.
38
Buckley in fact wrote to the Geelong Advertiser to complain about the inaccuracy of the tale and stated that forthcoming would be a book that told his own story.
39
In 1852, the story that Buckley mentions in his letter to the Geelong paper is published.
40
It's entitled The Life And Adventures Of William Buckley.
41
It's ghosted by John Morgan who was a journalist in Tasmania at the time in Hobart and he states in the introduction that he was approached by Buckley with a view to telling his own story.
42
The title page and the frontispiece includes a portrait of Buckley done by Ludwig Becker who would later gain fame as the artist on the Burke and Wills expedition.
43
Now, Morgan's book is extremely important because it's the fullest account we have.
44
It's hard to know where the ghosting starts and stops but many later commentators believe in fact it's probably a quite accurate record.
45
A second book on Buckley is published in 1856 by the local historian James Bonwick.
46
It's entitled the Wild White Man And The Blacks Of Victoria.
47
In many ways, this is where the phrase 'the wild white man' really enters our culture.
48
Bonwick never actually met Buckley.
49
He's very critical of Morgan's account and some commentators have assumed that may be sour grapes because he didn't have the first-hand story himself.
50
He's quite harsh about Buckley, talks of him being of low intelligence, etc.
51
Bonwick would in fact offer a much more sympathetic portrait later, in 1883 when he published his massive history of the Port Phillip settlement.
52
Up till now, it's been very much an Australian story but the News Letter Of Australasia in 1857 publishes the William Buckley story.
53
Buckley's story for the very first time reaches across to England and is popularised there through the News Letter Of Australasia.
54
In the last 20 years of the 19th century, an Aboriginal artist Tommy McRae who lived in the Upper Murray region painted a number of sketches.
55
Amongst these, he included the image of Buckley and it's a very different Buckley that we see from an Indigenous standpoint.
56
We see Buckley participating in a corroboree.
57
The title of this particular work is Buckley Ran Away From The Ship, from 1870.
58
It goes back to the Langhorne account where Buckley speaks of the fact that he was aware at various times of Europeans in the coastal area, possibly sailors, and yet had made decisions not to make contact.
59
And it's not really until 1980 onwards that Buckley's story returns to us.
60
One of the key works was Craig Robertson's novel, Buckley's Hope which was published in 1980.
61
And we also have Barry Hill's - a long sequence of poems - Ghosting William Buckley which was an important work that did a lot to restitute Buckley in the popular imagination.
62
And Buckley's also been an influence on writers such as David Malouf whose work Remembering Babylon gives a similar account of a European who spends many years in Australia with the Aborigines.
63
You'll also find imagery that turns up in painters such as Jan Senbergs and Juan Davila so it's interesting in ways that Buckley, as a sense, returned as part of the dialogue that's ongoing in terms of reconciliation today.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “William Buckley: the Wild White Man”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: Buckley, record, Batman, Phillip, Port. Video này có 63 câu và 1350 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 8:14. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 164 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. Chỉ 78% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| commentator danh từ | /ˈkɑmənˌteɪtəɹ/ | bình luận viên |
| manuscript danh từ | /ˈmæn.jəˌskɹɪpt/ | thủ bản |
| converse động từ | /kənˈvɝs/ | đối thoại |
| convict động từ | /ˈkɑnvɪkt/ | kết án |
| grape danh từ | /ɡɹeɪp/ | (trái, quả) nho |
| reconciliation danh từ | /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ | hoà giải |
| forthcoming tính từ | /fɔɹθˈkʌmɪŋ/ | sắp tới |
| sailor danh từ | /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ | thuỷ thủ, lính thuỷ |
| historian danh từ | /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/ | nhà viết sử, sử gia |
| painter danh từ | /ˈpeɪntɚ/ | họa sĩ |
| acre danh từ | /ˈeɪ.kɚ/ | mẫu Anh, mẫu tây |
| sketch danh từ | /ˈskɛt͡ʃ/ | phác hoạ |
| servant danh từ | /ˈsɝvənt/ | đầy tớ, người hầu |
| publish động từ | /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ | xuất bản |
| acquire động từ | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | đạt được, kiếm được |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | was signed · were meant · is taken |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | has lost · have assumed · it's been |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | arm which has · Hope which was · Buckley which was |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 5 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ didn't, hasn't, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: clothe /ˈkloʊð/, forthcoming /fɔɹθˈkʌmɪŋ/, sympathetic /ˌsɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, fictitious /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/, reconciliation /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, expedition /ɛkspəˈdɪʃən/, publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: interpreter /ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪ.tɚ/, commentator /ˈkɑmənˌteɪtəɹ/, illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, corroboree /kəˈɹɒbəɹi/, inaccuracy /ɪnˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: manuscript /ˈmæn.jəˌskɹɪpt/, recount /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/, convict /ˈkɑnvɪkt/, standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/, servant /ˈsɝvənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: imagery /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɹi/, sketch /ˈskɛt͡ʃ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: manuscript /ˈmæn.jəˌskɹɪpt/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, inaccuracy /ɪnˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/, standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/, unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như commentator, manuscript, converse.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.