跟讀練習: A pediatric cerebrovascular approach: techniques and challenges - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Music My

practice is unique in the fact that I do about 90 percent,

85 percent of what I do is all children.

children with vascular malformations, both of the brain and the neck, maxillofacial areas.

We receive them from newborn actually to 19, 18 years of age.

We do of course also adults with vascular malformations,

but as things are evolving and you can see how fantastic this course is and the tremendous progress that has exist.

So children are not small adults and that has happened throughout medicine.

There was the general doctor first,

then became pediatricians, which was obviously that required different things.

So within the vascular lesions of the human body,

there's a certain amount of diseases that occur in children primarily,

and that affect children sometimes exclusively.

So, based on my practice,

I have dedicated myself to improve the treatment in those children,

decrease the radiation, decrease the time of the procedure,

being very meticulous with the technique, very meticulous with fluids.

For small children that are in severe heart problems with brain problems,

if you use the same techniques in adults,

you actually could have a lot of harm.

So there are dedicated, specific problems that occur in children.

There are specific, dedicated challenges,

technical, medical, physiological, that are specific for children.

And there's even difference between children and newborns.

We have newborns that are born in severe heart failure with a disease called vein of gallant malformation

that even treated is lethal within the first year of life.

So those children require techniques,

for example, we develop techniques to go through the umbilical artery.

So we can actually place a cathode from the umbilical artery to enter the body,

to then navigate into the brain.

In this pediatric population, the diseases are rare,

so it's very hard to do really trials.

We're more involved in developing devices,

actually because coming from children,

they can be translated towards adults.

We also have a lot of patients,

or practices, patients of rare diseases,

such as vascular malformation of the maxillofacial area.

very difficult to treat.

So we have developed techniques like direct percutaneous puncture.

Instead of going from the femoral artery and trying to catheterize them,

it's to actually use 3D angiography or the eye guide

or the different types of technologies that have been developed for adults

and try to use them to place catheters or needles directly into the malformation.

And that has changed the whole ballgame.

We also involve trying to develop things which are called sclerotherapy.

Sclerotherapy is a technique in which you inject something that will damage the endothelium.

And then the healing of that scarring,

that will produce scarring, will actually sclerose or thrombose or close and scar those vascular malformations that they cannot feel.

And that includes venous malformation.

That includes lymphatic malformations.

That includes arteriovenous malformation.

And we're using biological substances such as chemotherapeutic agents, bleomycin for example.

And they've made a tremendous change in the outcome of this patient.

Actually, we're trying to use more and more ultrasound to guide ourselves to do these procedures.

Also, within the medical industry of x-rays,

we're forcing the manufacturers to create things like last image hold.

And then with that last image hold,

will, for example, collimate, try to center memories so that we don't have to radiate these children.

Mothers come to me and ask me that,

will my child have a stroke while you're doing this horrible malformation?

They ask me how much radiation are they gonna get?

Or the anesthesia?

Well, there is a potential role for endovascular radiosurgery.

I worked like 15, 20 years ago to try to treat vascular malformations that way.

But radiation is a difficult thing to control.

It's a difficult thing to prove,

a difficult thing to get approved through a regulatory pathway like the Food and Drug Administration and so on.

And dangerous for everyone, including you as an operator.

Everything is dangerous if it's improperly used.

You know, if you have a genie and you let the genie out of the box and there's no control,

it can be very, very dangerous.

So I would say that radiation has a potential,

but it is not something that is around the corner.

The tools that we have today are pretty much adaptation of adults to children.

So we're still at the beginning.

We're very much interested in developing tools that are designed for newborns and for children,

which today do not exist.

So we take a catheter that is a meter and a half,

because it's the only catheter that we have.

The technology exists, but the market is so small

that industry is not very interested in developing high technology for a very small market.

And this is not simply the question of smaller arteries.

It's a whole question of a different anatomy that you're dealing with.

It's a different anatomy.

It's a different technology necessary for the stiffness, for example.

You know, the blood vessels in children are more fragile in a sense.

But on the other hand, they're more elastic.

So they have their own specific problems,

both technically as well as physiological.

One of the biggest questions that we have is if we take a device,

for example a stent, that is developed for adults which have stopped growing and we put them in small children,

what would happen to those vessels as we increase in size?

And therefore, personally, we have a lot of skepticism of using stents unless we are really forced.

And the other side of the coin is we're going to press

and push industry to develop bioactive or biodegradable devices so that

if I put a stent in a little child and that stent will then be reabsorbed,

it will permit then the normal physiologic growth.

Biodegradable, bioabsorbable, biocompatible.

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It's one of the great, great, great potential expansion.

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If we can develop it for children,

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it can then be transferred to adults.

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What is interesting is that we've done very small devices based on trying to do it for pediatrics,

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and those have translated to go to the adult,

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which permits you to go to more distal circulation.

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I think that's very valuable for the training of physicians.

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You know, when I started,

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it was see one, do one,

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teach one, that no longer applies.

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We're not, it's just so much better to train,

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and I'm very involved in the training of physicians,

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training physicians in a in vitro model.

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You know, get all, I mean,

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you actually today, the reproduction is, Dr. Moret, so fantastic.

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You know, it's literally like the real thing.

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But then you get the physician to learn.

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You get the physician to train,

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you get the physician to try,

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you get the physician to make the mistake in a model.

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By the time you transfer that to the real patient,

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you have a much better trained physician.

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And I think industry is now more and more turning to these models.

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And the regulatory agencies are saying,

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wait a second, you not only have to go and train in a model first.

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You know, it used to be sometimes an animal.

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Then, you know, as you know,

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there's a lot of movement against training in animals.

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So these things have replaced a lot of the training.

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The regulatory agencies will force us to train physicians in this type of models that are now readily available.

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3D printing can make exactly the same aneurysm immediately, right away.

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And not only that, I can make 20 of those,

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or 50, or 100 to train physicians.

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So that I do believe that following that comes the proctoring.

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In other words, now you're going to go,

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this individual who's trained in the model is going to go do humans.

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So when you go humans,

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you go with somebody experience,

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the fracture you, I think that is absolutely the way to go.

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背景與介紹

在這段影片中，講者分享了他們在兒科介入醫學方面的獨特實踐，尤其是針對兒童的血管畸形。這些專業技術和經驗不僅限於治療老年人，臨床實踐中遇到的挑戰也因兒童的生理特徵而顯得格外複雜。講者強調，兒童在醫學上並不是小型成人，他們面臨不同於成人的醫療問題和技術挑戰。因此，針對兒童的醫療技術需要很高的精密度和針對性，尤其是在涉及重要器官如大腦的治療過程中。

日常交流的五個關鍵短語

小兒血管畸形 - 指兒童體內的血管異常情況。
技術挑戰 - 進行特定醫學程式過程中遇到的困難。
微創技術 - 一種能夠減少手術創傷、提高手術成功率的醫療方法。
內皮損傷 - 指影響血管內層的治療過程。
直接穿刺技術 - 一種通過皮膚直接到達目標區域的醫療技術。

逐步影子跟讀指南

為了提高您的英語口語能力和跟讀技巧，您可以遵循以下步驟，利用影片內容進行學習：

選擇合適的段落：從影片中選擇一個涵蓋醫學術語的段落，以幫助您熟悉這類專業語言。
播放影片並暫停：收聽講話並暫停每個句子，確保您能夠準確聽清講者的發音和語調。
模仿發音：對照影片中的內容，大聲重複講者說的每一句話。這是提升您的英語口語練習和發音的重要步驟。
注意語調與重音：理解並模仿句子的語調與重音，例如在關鍵術語（如“小兒血管畸形”）上加強語音，幫助您掌握醫學專業英語。
反覆練習：定期進行這種英語影子跟讀練習，可以幫助您在口語表達中更加自信，特別是準備雅思口語練習時。

通過這種逐步影子跟讀的方法，您可以有效地提升在不同場景下的英語口語能力，特別是在與醫學相關的交流中，使自己在專業術語的使用上更加流暢。為了獲取更多學習資源，歡迎訪問相關的shadowing site，開啟您的英語學習之旅！

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has happened · have dedicated · have developed
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are born · can be translated · have been developed
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	pediatricians, which was · things which are · adults which have

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

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跟讀練習: A pediatric cerebrovascular approach: techniques and challenges - 通過影片學習英語口語

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背景與介紹

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逐步影子跟讀指南

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？