跟讀練習: Are killer whales really dangerous? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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92 句
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(phone ringing) - Hi, it's Danni.
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As an ocean expert, I've had the privilege of seeing some pretty awesome marine life.
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Like once I was filming a video in Puget Sound, Washington and I observed a pair of orcas in the distance.
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In case you don't know, orcas are what a lot of people call killer whales.
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The orcas stayed far away for a long time, just minding their own business, and then all of a sudden one of them made a dash for our boat.
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It was coming super fast, and I have to admit I was getting a little nervous.
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But then, right at the last second, it twisted on its side and dove under our boat.
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(whale watchers squealing) But before it did, I could see one of its big eyes staring back at me before it disappeared.
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It was amazing.
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Orcas are my absolute favorite animals on the planet, and they have been since I was six years old.
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Someone named Akash has a question about orcas.
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Let's give Akash a call now.
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(phone ringing) - Hi, Danni.
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- Hi, Akash.
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- I have a question for you.
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Are killer whales really dangerous?
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- Ooh, that's a great question.
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With a nickname like killer whales, orcas can sound pretty dangerous.
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They're faster, they're stronger, and way bigger than us.
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They're almost as long and heavy as a school bus, and orcas are amazing hunters too.
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They hunt in groups called pods, and they even plan out their attacks.
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They're such good hunters that no creature in the ocean wants to mess with them.
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Not even sharks.
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In fact, there are stories of orcas hunting great white sharks and catching them easily.
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So if orcas are dangerous animals to things like sharks, they could be dangerous to humans too, right?
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But are they?
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Before I go on, I'm curious.
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What do you think?
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Do you think killer whales are dangerous to humans?
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Now would be a good time to pause the video and discuss.
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Okay, you ready?
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I'm not sure what you answered but you have to admit, with all that size and power orcas can be pretty intimidating.
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Just ask 12-year-old Ellis Miller.
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He came face to face with some orcas on a vacation in Alaska a few years ago.
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There he was at the beach, just splashing around in some shallow water, when an orca started speeding toward him.
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The orca got closer and closer, and then it just bumped him a little.
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Oh, and that's not all.
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After that, an entire pod of orcas swam over to him.
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But after a while, one of them slapped its fin on the water as if to tell the family, "Hey, it's just a kid," and they all just swam off.
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So why do you think whales left the kid alone?
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Were they just not hungry?
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It may seem like that, but that's not really it.
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As far as we know, a whale has never eaten a human in the wild.
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Not ever. I'm serious.
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Besides bumping, there's hardly any record of an orca even biting a human in the ocean.
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Wow. But why is that?
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Do whales just want to be friends with humans?
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A lot of people used to think so.
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Hundreds of years ago, the First Nations People of Australia told stories of whales helping them as they fished.
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And some early sailors even told tales of whales protecting them from shark attacks while they were swimming.
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But scientists are beginning to think that being friendly isn't really the reason why orcas don't attack humans that often.
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We can't talk to orcas, so we really don't know why they don't attack humans.
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They just don't seem to do it.
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So, how do they know which things to attack and which to leave alone?
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Hmm. It seems to have something to do with the way they've been taught by their parents and grandparents.
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When you were a baby, the grownups that took care of you probably taught you all sorts of things, like how to walk and talk and what to eat and what not to eat.
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Well, orca parents do the same thing.
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Orcas are incredibly intelligent marine mammals.
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They even have the ability to communicate amongst their pod and teach their kids.
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(whales chattering) Check out these special orcas in Argentina.
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The grownup orca is teaching its calf how to jump onto the beach to hunt seals.
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It's a pretty tricky thing to do without getting stuck on the sand.
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Orcas teach their babies all sorts of things, like what to eat.
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From an early age, they're taught to eat things like fish and squid and seals and sea lions, but not humans.
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And since orcas haven't been taught to eat us, they pretty much just leave humans alone and stick to the foods they've been taught to hunt.
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And we're not the only ones they ignore.
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These orcas live in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean.
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Their environment is full of all kinds of fish, but the orcas leave most of them alone, except for this one: the Chinook salmon.
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Even though it would be way easier to hunt other fish that are easier to find, orcas almost always go for this one.
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Can you guess why?
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Yep, it's because those are the fish that their parents taught them to eat when they were young.
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I guess you could say that orcas are great at following their parents' and teachers' directions, like you.
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And for that reason, they've never hurt anyone in the wild, but that doesn't mean they've never hurt anyone at all.
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There have been a few times where orcas have hurt trainers when they've been taken from their homes in the ocean and put in zoos or aquatic parks.
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Scientists aren't totally sure why this happens.
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It might be that they were playing too rough.
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Humans are really small compared to orcas, so if an orca plays rough with a trainer, that trainer might get hurt.
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Or maybe it was because the orcas were scared or unhappy about being taken away from their pods and put in a tiny tank where they can't do all the things they used to do in the ocean.
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Whatever it was, it's clear that these orcas were behaving very differently from how orcas behave in the wild.
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Marine experts are still learning about these incredible animals so we can better understand why they do the things that they do.
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So, are killer whales dangerous to humans?
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They definitely could be.
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They're huge and powerful and amazing hunters.
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But because of the way they've been taught by their parents and grandparents, they almost always choose to leave humans alone when they're in the wild.
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That's all for this week's question.
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Thanks, Akash, for asking it.
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Now, for the next episode, we reached into our question jar and picked out three questions sent into us that we're thinking about answering next.
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When this video's done playing, you'll get to vote on one.
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You can choose from, "Can be friends with other kinds of animals?" "How do binoculars work?" Or, "How do people know what expiration date to put on food?" So submit your vote when the video's over.
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We wanna hear from all of you watching.
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There are mysteries all around us.
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Stay curious and see you next week.
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背景與上下文
在這段影片中，海洋專家Danni分享了她與虎鯨（也被稱為殺人鯨）互動的經歷。這些龐然大物以其強大和敏捷而聞名，讓人不禁思考它們是否真的對人類構成威脅。Danni通過生動的故事和互動問答，揭示了虎鯨的獵食行為以及與人類接觸的安全性，強調了它們並不侵略人類的事實。這不僅加深了我們對虎鯨的理解，也促使我們思考與自然界的關係。
日常溝通中的五個關鍵短語
- “虎鯨真的是危險的嗎？” - 詢問關於虎鯨的危險性。
- “這是一個很好的問題。” - 表達對提問的贊同。
- “它們的速度和力量讓人害怕。” - 描述虎鯨的強大。
- “到目前為止，還沒有記錄顯示虎鯨會攻擊人類。” - 講述虎鯨與人類接觸的安全性。
- “它們可能只是好奇。” - 表達對虎鯨行為的理解。
逐步影子跟讀指南
想要利用這段影片提高你的英語口語能力，可以遵循以下幾個步驟進行英語影子跟讀（shadow speech）：
- 觀看影片：首先，完整觀看影片，注意Danni的語調、速度和語音清晰度。理解內容是影子跟讀的基礎。
- 暫停與重放：在你覺得難度較大的段落暫停，使用看YouTube學英語的方法，仔細傾聽並逐句重複。
- 模仿語調：在跟讀時，儘量模仿Danni的語調和情感表達。這個過程可以幫助你更自然地掌握髮音和情感。
- 反覆練習：多次重複這些短語，直到你能夠流利地說出這些句子為止。慢慢提高難度，嘗試連貫地進行多句跟讀。
- 記錄並回放：錄下自己的聲音，然後與原影片進行對比，找出差距和改進之處。使用英語影子跟讀的方法，幫助提高語言能力。
通過這樣的練習，你不僅能提高自己的英語口語水平，還能增強對自然界的興趣與理解，學會如何與不同事物進行交流。記住，shadow speaks帶來的不僅是語言能力的提升，更是對文化和科學的交流體驗。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態，現在已不再如此 | used to think · used to do |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | I've had · have been · has never eaten |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | they've been taught · been taught · they've been taken |
| 過去進行時 was/were + -ing — 過去某一時刻正在進行的動作 | was filming · was coming · were swimming |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。