跟讀練習: How is glass made? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Hi, it's Doug.

I recently came across this unbelievable video.

It was taken at a hotel in Texas where on the roof of the hotel they have this pool

that hangs off the edge and it has a glass bottom.

Look at this.

Would you go in there?

Would you trust this glass?

Someone named Benjamin has a question about glass.

Let's give him a call now.

Hi, Doug.

Hi, Benjamin.

I have a question for you.

How is glass made?

That's a great question.

It's funny, right?

Think about just how many objects around you are made of glass.

Without glass, we'd have no windows, no windshields for our cars, no No drinking glasses or eyeglasses.

No skyscrapers or smartphones.

And yet, it's really not obvious at all where glass comes from.

Like if you're sitting there and you have a table or a desk in front of you like this, that's wood.

I'm guessing you know that wood comes from a tree.

Or this statue here is carved from stone.

You know where that comes from. But glass?

Glass is a material that has to be made.

How do they make it?

Where does it come from?

Before I say anything more, now would be a good time to pause the video and discuss.

Okay, you ready?

Well, believe it or not, Glass is made by taking a bunch of sand and getting it so hot that it melts.

It's one of the most amazing things to watch how it's made because in order to melt sand, you have to use a special type of oven that can get super hot.

It's called a furnace or a kiln.

Here you can see someone loading some sand into the furnace.

Once it gets hot enough, it will melt or become liquid.

And when you get something this hot, you can see it glows, just like lava.

This isn't lava though, it's molten sand.

And as it cools, it will start to look more familiar to you.

It becomes solid glass.

To make a flat sheet of glass, like you'd use for a window, they melt sand until it's molten.

Then they pour it out and roll it into a flat shape like this, and carefully allow it to cool.

More fancy objects, like a glass vase, are even more fun to watch.

This involves a special skill called glass blowing.

You can see here, it starts with this person taking a big glob of molten sand

and getting it on the end of a hollow pipe.

Then she blows air into the pipe.

You can actually blow a bubble into it, which might end up being the open part of the vase.

The molten glass has a similar thickness as honey.

They carefully shape it the way they want it and keep turning it and turning it.

As it cools, it becomes solid.

Artists can make amazing sculptures with glass.

Believe it or not, this artist is making a glass swan.

So that's how glass is made.

But it's kind of weird, isn't it?

I mean, how did people ever discover that if you melt sand, it makes glass?

We've been making glass for a long time.

So long ago now that no one knows for sure who was the first person to discover

that if you melt sand it makes glass.

But some of the earliest objects made of glass come from ancient Egypt, a place covered in desert sand.

Could it be that someone long ago had a campfire

and noticed that the heat of their fire melted the sand beneath it?

No one knows for sure, but it's possible.

That's all for this week's question.

Thanks Benjamin for asking it.

Now for the next episode, there's a lunar eclipse that's going to happen.

I reached into my question jar and chose three questions about lunar eclipses that I'm thinking about answering.

When this video is done playing, you'll get to vote on one.

You can choose from, what's the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse?

Why does the moon turn blood red during a lunar eclipse?

Or where does the word eclipse come from?

So submit your vote when the video's over.

I wanna hear from all of you watching.

There are mysteries all around us.

Stay curious and see you next week.

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FOR YOU

本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B1 級別的口語課以影片“How is glass made?”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：glass, sand, melt, eclipse, molten。這段影片共有 72 個句子、728 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:28。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 163 個詞，接近日常對話。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。全部 72 個句子中有 14 個是問句，適合練習疑問語調和簡短回答。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
melt 動詞	/mɛlt/	融化, 熔化
eclipse 名詞	/ɪˈklɪps/	日食, 日蝕 /日蝕
vase 名詞	/veɪ̯s/	花瓶
furnace 名詞	/ˈfɝnɪs/	火爐 /火爐, 烤爐 /烤爐
lava 名詞	/ˈlɑvə/	熔岩
pipe 名詞	/ˈpaɪp/	笛子, 管子
campfire 名詞	/ˈkæmpˌfaɪ̯ɚ/	營火 /營火
skyscraper 名詞	/ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/	摩天大樓 /摩天大樓, 摩天樓 /摩天樓
windshield 名詞	/wɪnˈʃiːld/	擋風玻璃 /擋風玻璃, 風擋 /風擋
thickness 名詞	/ˈθɪknəs/	厚度
swan 名詞	/swɑn/	鵠 /鵠, 天鵝 /天鵝
glow 動詞	/ɡloʊ/	發光 /發光, 發亮 /發亮
sculpture 名詞	/ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/	雕塑, 雕像
hollow 形容詞	/ˈhɑloʊ/	空心, 中空
pause 名詞	/pɔːz/	停頓 /停頓, 暫停 /暫停

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
end up 動詞	到達

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

Would you go in there?
Would you trust this glass?
Let's give him a call now.
We've been making glass for a long time.

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	was taken · are made · is carved
最高階 the -est / the most … — 一組中最高或最低的	the most amazing · the earliest
現在進行時 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在發生的事	you're sitting · I'm guessing · is making
“will” 表將來 will + 動詞 — 決定、承諾或預測	will melt · will start · you'll get

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 10 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, isn't, wanna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: thickness /ˈθɪknəs/, beneath /bɪˈniːθ/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vase /veɪ̯s/, lava /ˈlɑvə/, oven /ˈʌ.vn̩/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: melt /mɛlt/, eclipse /ɪˈklɪps/, vase /veɪ̯s/, furnace /ˈfɝnɪs/, pipe /ˈpaɪp/
/æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: campfire /ˈkæmpˌfaɪ̯ɚ/, eyeglass /ˈaɪˌɡlæs/, statue /ˈstæt͡ʃu/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 melt, eclipse, vase 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: How is glass made? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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