跟讀練習: Basics of Comic Shading - 通過影片學習英語口語

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The next very important topic

that we need to cover in order to make your compositions flow and be very easy to read is lighting.

Now lighting in its most basic form is a directional light source, an object that catches that light,

and then a shadow on that object away from the light.

Now that gets a little bit more complex when we have an object, our light source, a shadow away from the light

and a surface that's going to be obscured by the object in front of it

and so for the purposes of illustration i almost always

and i highly recommend

that you do too use a directional light source as opposed to a pin light which will radiate light out

in all directions and this can be extraordinarily difficult to compensate for for really very little practical effect and

so what i'm going to do is i'm going to draw a line from the outline of my foreground object

and that is where i'm going to cast a shadow onto the object below it

and one further thing to bear in mind is that

when you have an object a surface below that object

and a light source

that's directional like this i'll draw a shadow across my object

away from the light a shadow onto the surface behind where

that surface is being obscured by the object

but also this surface catches light and reflects light back up onto my object

and so that creates a core shadow

so the core shadow is where it's receiving no light at all

this is where my main light is hitting this light source

and then my bounce light is creating a light on the back of my surface here this is something

that can be very effective but it can also lead to a lot of problems

and because we're dealing with comic book illustration we're going to avoid this kind of effect for now

and just before we move on I'm going to draw a very very simple shape for a nose

there's my eyes over the nose

and I've got a cheek behind it my lip just below

it very very simple just to get the point across

and I'm going to draw my same light source and

so on this side of the nose away from the light

I'm going to have a shadow I have a shadow here away from the light

and along the bottom just like

that very simple this is using as simple shapes as we

possibly can we'll also have shadows where the eyes recess and we'll just draw those as simple shapes for now

but it's important to bear in mind

that the nose projects outward from the face and here's my lip

and my brow draw my eye all very very simple just to get it across

and here would be the plane of my cheek like this my nose projects out quite a bit

and so it's going to cast a shadow just like this example here this would be my nose

and this will be my cheek the surface of my cheek

and now they're attached these are separate

but it's going to cast a shadow across that surface just like this

and so what I have here is a body shadow what I have here is a cast shadow

and I can soften this up toward the light using a little bit of line

but my cast shadow always needs to remain hard

because it represents the outline of my nose cast against a surface below

so this will be a body shadow here body shadow here body shadow here

and then below the lip i get a cast shadow it goes out further

and it's important to remember the distinction between the two

when you're doing your lighting so now

that we have a very very basic understanding of lighting established here

we're going to start to learn how to use lighting compositionally to help our panels come together and be more readable.

And so I'm going to start with simple shape for a figure.

I just want this to be an outline shape.

And here's a figure drawn into a panel.

I'm going to light him again from the same angle that I used just over here.

So he'll have a little bit of shadow cast here.

And that's all fine.

But what I really want to concentrate on is the cast shadow from this figure onto the wall behind

and you can see that that cast shadow not only is relatively accurate

but it also really helps to frame my figure

and pop this figure forward because i'm using a light shape that's juxtaposed over dark shape

and then using the rules of composition i used before

i can just cast a shadow over the wall entirely as

if this is a window casting the light on them and I can use that to frame my figure.

And this is a technique you will see used over and over again in comics when you start to look for it.

Conversely, I've got a figure fully in shadow, so he's completely in silhouette.

And I can draw a doorway around him just like this.

And because he's dark, he stands out against the light coming through the door behind him.

And that dark to light to dark reads very, very easily and also serves to frame my figure just the way that I did here.

Now I wanted to talk about the final way that I use shadow compositionally.

And this method can be a little bit confusing

if you think of it just in terms of using a light source and proper shadow.

So the way that it works is I'll draw just very simple shapes.

So I've got a rectangular shape here.

I'm going to keep this light.

I'm going to draw a shape behind it.

And this shape will be dark.

And now I'll draw another shape behind that.

this one will be light and then a shape behind this and this will be dark

another light shape and a dark shape and I can keep going across my panel just by layering

light and shadow and I do try to bear in mind

that I've got a light source coming from here and so

if I had my light source coming from here I'd want to lay the other way around

so at the very least I have my light portions pointing toward the light as much as possible but

when I think in terms of my shadow

I'm really thinking in terms of layering more than just thinking in terms of exactly where a shadow would fall.

So a really good way to show this in practice would be to show some chimneys.

Let me get in here and draw a chimney in the foreground

and I'm going to keep these pretty simple just a little bit of detail just so we all know it's a chimney.

and now behind it I'm going to draw another chimney shape and this one is just going to be dark

and making the chimney behind my light chimney here dark really separates the two

and then I can draw another chimney behind this one this won't be light

and then maybe another shape just behind this and this will be dark

and I can go all the way back through a panel and just layer my shapes like this.

And this is a great way to use shadow to achieve

depth in a picture just by layering lights onto darks onto lights onto darks all the way back.

And it's a very, very simple technique to use.

100

It's something that you really don't need to overthink.

101

That's it for this lesson.

102

If you enjoyed this video, take a look at the premium course over at proko .com slash comic page.

103

See if you can apply some of these basic principles to your own work.

104

Thanks so much for joining me.

105

I'll see you next time.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Basics of Comic Shading”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：shadow, shape, draw, dark, object。這段影片共有 49 個句子、1349 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:16。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 185 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
shadow 名詞	/ˈʃædəʊ̯/	йинзы, йинйинзы
chimney 名詞	/ˈt͡ʃɪmni/	煙筒 /煙筒, 煙囪 /煙囪
layer 名詞	/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/	層 /層
cheek 名詞	/t͡ʃiːk/	臉頰 /臉頰, 腮
outline 名詞	/ˈaʊtlaɪn/	輪廓 /輪廓
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術 /技術, 技巧
comic 名詞	/ˈkɑmɪk/	喜劇演員 /喜劇演員
composition 名詞	/ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/	成分
illustration 名詞	/ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/	例證 /例證
obscure 形容詞	/əbˈskjʊɹ/	不清楚, 陰暗 /陰暗
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	主題 /主題, 話題 /話題
practical 形容詞	/ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/	使用的, 實用 /實用
lesson 名詞	/ˈlɛs.ən/	課業 /課業, -課 /-課
establish 動詞	/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/	確定 /確定
reflect 動詞	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	反映, 反射

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
come together 動詞	/ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/	集合, 聯合
go out 動詞		出, 出口

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 33 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, I'll, I've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/, directional /dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: cheek /t͡ʃiːk/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/, comic /ˈkɑmɪk/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/
/æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 shadow, chimney, layer 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Basics of Comic Shading - 通過影片學習英語口語

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