跟讀練習: Do This if You Understand But Can't Speak - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Today, I want to talk about something that I hear quite often, and that is people who say, I understand well, talking about their ability in a foreign language,

but I can't speak.

And I hear that a lot.

So I want to talk about what can be done

and what can be some strategies in order to help people who claim to understand well, to help them to speak better.

So it depends on your situation.

Obviously, if you're in a situation where you need to speak, then this is quite important.

If you're like me learning, you know, Arabic and Farsi as a dilettante or Turkish and I don't need to speak, then it doesn't bother me.

I continue with my input activities, building up my capability in the language.

But the reason I raised this is because the other day I met someone who is a Canadian politician who, while he's a local politician, but he lives in Ottawa for much of the year.

He's involved in national politics therefore he should be able to speak French and he has an opportunity to speak French.

But when I asked him about his ability in French, he said, well, I understand well, but I can't speak.

So that's kind of my starting off point on this subject.

So there's two sides to this.

One is that person or people like him have an identity which says, I can understand well, but I can't speak well.

That's kind of their vision of themselves.

Let's look at the first part of that, which is the I understand well part.

My first question is, you know, is that really so?

I've always said, you know, in learning a language, I feel I have a good level of comprehension when I can read a book, paper book from cover to cover.

When I can understand an audio book, when I can watch movies and understand most of it without subtitles.

That's real comprehension.

So my question is, first of all, the person, say this person who works as a political operative in Ottawa, he's familiar with certain themes,

certain discussions, presumably, which he hears over and over again that are relevant to his work.

So he says, I understand, but he doesn't really understand the language.

And what I'm going to say here is that when it comes to ramping up your comprehension,

which is extremely important, I've always said you need a solid base of comprehension you need a large passive vocabulary.

That's your reservoir.

That's your knowledge of the language that's going to enable you to ramp up your speaking ability.

So the first thing I say about your stated, you know, ability to comprehend the language is broaden it.

You have to have a wide level of comprehension.

It's not enough to be able to understand a limited range of content with subjects that are familiar to you.

You have to challenge yourself.

And I mean, the extreme version of this is people who believe that, you know, the teachers who say we're going to teach these scenarios, how to be a clerk in a store.

The thing is, it's been my experience that you cannot anticipate what kind of conversation will arise.

So actually you need a broader level of comprehension than that narrow level that I'm assuming this person had.

It's like I once met with some immigrants here in Vancouver who said, yes, I would like to be able to speak English better,

just well enough to communicate with my child's teacher at school

or if I get stopped by a policeman while driving my car.

Okay, you can't, you cannot anticipate what that conversation will be.

You cannot narrow your level of comprehension to such a small bit.

You have to broaden your comprehension. And in

that regard, you're better off to have an imperfect understanding of a broad range of subject matter where you miss 60,

70% of the words, but you expose yourself to, you know, hours of listening and reading.

And so you need that broad range of comprehension.

That's absolutely important.

Number one.

However, my next bit of advice is a bit contradictory.

And you'll see that when I talk about getting to speaking, you'll see I go the other way.

So when it comes to comprehension, you have to have this broad range of comprehension.

But then you have to deliberately narrow it down in preparation for speaking.

Because when you speak, you're going to use a small subset of the words that you know of your passive vocabulary.

And you need to have these handy that they come quickly.

certain structures, certain words that get you speaking.

You need a smaller subset.

And that's why when I'm learning a language, while I listen to, you know, political podcasts in Arabic or Farsi, I also spend time with the many stories.

I spend time even doing those political podcasts.

I will slow down my listening

and reading in order to get myself into sentence mode so that I can mine the material, pay more attention, focus more on specific words and structures.

So broaden the base, but at the same time, spend some time focusing in on more specific bits and pieces.

Maybe that's 20% of your time.

And that's kind of been my strategy.

And particularly if I'm getting ready to have a conversation in Arabic, I will then spend more time with the mini stories, even though I've heard them many, many times, because it's that repetition

that enables me to start to grab a hold of some of the words that I'll be able to use, hopefully, in a conversation.

So you say you understand and speak well.

Well, you have to make sure that that base of comprehension is broad.

Watch movies even if you only understand 60%.

It's that exposure to massive, a wide range of content, even imperfectly understood, which is building up your capability.

But then you have to go back in there and mine the nuggets, the bits and pieces.

So that's with regard to the I understand well.

Let's make sure you do understand well.

Now, the second part of that person's identity is that he or she can't speak.

We need to change that.

If that's your identity that you can understand, but you can't speak, that's not useful if you're in a situation where you need the language,

which is not my case as a dilettante language learner here in Vancouver.

But if you need the language for your work or for your family relations or whatever, then you can't just continue to be a person who understands and can't speak.

You have to change your image of yourself.

So here again, the strategy in my view and in my experience is a little different.

It's not so much a matter of starting with a widening of your range of material.

It's more a matter of beginning with a narrower range.

So when I start into speaking in, say, Persian, I will use the mini stories circling questions where I'm given the answer.

And so I know what the answer is.

I'm asked the question.

I'm reading in Arabic and Farsi it's very difficult and I can answer the question because I've heard the answer.

So it's not really a genuine, I'm not retrieving meaning.

I'm responding to a prompt.

So that's sort of the very first, that's your narrowest possible base.

The next would be a question, a genuine question about the content that you just finished listening to or reading.

And our AIBotItLink does this, asks you a question about the content that you just listened to.

Or you could even have it ask a question about the sentence, the specific sentence in sentence mode.

So you start narrow.

So you're dealing with a limited range of material you have to answer the question.

But then you want to move to where you're answering a broader range of questions.

Alahe, my Persian tutor, she always saves 15-20 minutes where she asks me difficult questions of history and philosophy and environment, whatever it might be.

And I have to really think for an answer and I have to find words to express my meaning.

But it's a genuine, authentic conversation.

So you'll progress from an almost automatic reflex answer to a question or

interaction to one where you are now dredging your knowledge and trying to express your ideas in the language.

So you go from narrow to broader.

And then if you're able to do that, as you gradually build up your confidence using circling questions

100

or using AI or using the sheltered conversation

101

that you have with a tutor and you start to prove to yourself

102

that actually you are a person who speaks the language now you have to change your habits you have

103

that habit of accepting that your identity is i'm someone who understands

104

but can't speak every time you conform to

105

that image being in a meeting and not interacting not speaking you are confirming

106

that identity and you have to break

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that through habit you have to start speaking difficult at first

108

but gradually you start to create these habits where your identity becomes i'm someone who understands well

109

and speaks somewhat less well but i'm also a person who speaks the language

110

so you have to change your self-image

111

so i think that's what i would suggest don't sort of with pride say well i understand

112

but i can't speak that's not good enough you probably at some level would like to speak.

113

So you need to make sure that this is your goal.

114

I want to go through these various steps initially somewhat sheltered

115

and eventually I'm going to speak because it's important to me to speak.

116

It's important to the image that I want to have of myself in that language as someone who understands and speaks.

117

And remember every time you speak and you make mistakes you are strengthening your knowledge of the language.

118

You are engaging with the language.

119

So the fact that you make mistakes is not a negative.

120

You have to have that as a part of your identity.

121

I am someone who understands the language, not perfectly, and who speaks the language, not perfectly.

122

So I hope that's helpful.

123

Bye for now.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 123 個句子、1735 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 9:29。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 183 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ (名詞) — 理解, 瞭解 /瞭解. A thorough understanding.
narrow /ˈnæɹəʊ/ (形容詞) — 窄. Having a small width; not wide; having opposite edges or sides that are close, especially by comparison to length or depth.
habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/ (名詞) — 習慣 /習慣. An action performed on a regular basis.
genuine /ˈd͡ʒɛn.juˌɪn/ (形容詞) — 真正, 真誠 /真誠. Belonging to, or proceeding from the original stock; native.
shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ (名詞) — 棲身之地 /棲身之地, 住處 /住處. A place where a person or animal may find protection from the elements (especially rain, storms, or cold) sometimes as a place to sleep (such as a cave).
gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ (副詞) — 逐漸 /逐漸, 漸漸 /漸漸. In a gradual manner; making slow progress; slowly.
politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/ (名詞) — 政治家, 從政者 /從政者. One engaged in politics, especially an elected or appointed government official.
podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ (名詞) — 播客. A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on…
passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ (形容詞) — 被動 /被動. Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.
vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ (名詞) — 詞匯 /詞彙, 語匯 /語彙. A usually alphabetized and explained collection of words e.g. of a particular field, or prepared for a specific purpose, often for learning.
anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ (動詞) — 預料 /預料, 預想 /預想. To act before (someone), especially to prevent an action.
tutor /ˈtjuːtəː/ (名詞) — 私人教師 /私人教師, 家庭教師 /家庭教師. One who teaches another (usually called a student, learner, or tutee) in a one-on-one or small-group interaction.
subset /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ (名詞) — 子集. A set A such that every element of A is also an element of S.
audio /ˈɔ.di.oʊ/ (形容詞) — 音訊 /音訊, 伴音. Focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight.
helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ (形容詞) — 有幫助 /有幫助. Furnishing help; giving aid; useful.

影片中出現的短語動詞

go through (動詞) — 通過 /通過. To travel from one end of something to the other.
look at (動詞) — 觀察 /觀察, 看. To observe or watch.
slow down (動詞) — 減速 /減速, 放慢. To decelerate.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 44 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, can't, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/
長單詞——注意重音位置: politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 comprehension, narrow, habit 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	people who say · people who claim · someone who is
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've always said · it's been · I've heard

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Do This if You Understand But Can't Speak - 通過影片學習英語口語

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