跟讀練習: Chunking: the secret to fluency? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Today, I want to talk about learning languages in chunks.

I'm sure it's a concept that many of you are aware of.

I'm going to tell you why I think it's important and how we go about learning languages in chunks.

Quite a while ago, maybe 25, 30 years ago, where up until that point, people tended to think that language learning was all about words and grammar.

So if you have all these words and you learn the formula.

Then you'll be able to use the words correctly according to sort of standard usage for that language.

Then a professor Lewis came along and suggested that, in fact, no, as much as 60 percent of any language, it consists of these sort of formulaic or formula based chunks, words that belong together.

In my view, it's not just the obvious sort of collocations, you know, by the way, or on the other hand.

or expressions like that.

Everything about the language consists of words that normally are used together with other words.

And I remember when I was correcting English at LingQ, the biggest problem was not grammar per se, but that people would choose the wrong word.

Word choice, word usage.

And that has all to do with this idea of chunks.

And so words are used together with other words.

And those are chunks.

So how do we learn the chunks?

One person suggested back in 1925, a certain Harold Palmer suggested that we should learn the most frequent patterns in the language and learn to use them, memorize them, come out with these prefabricated chunks of language.

This is kind of like the phrasebook approach.

Personally, I've found that very difficult.

I can't remember these.

Prefabricated phrases.

I mean, they'll come out naturally at some point if I've kind of acquired them in some way naturally, but to deliberately learn them has never worked for me.

Now there's been a lot of research and I'm going to leave a link to a very good presentation on the subject of chunking from Cambridge.

And if you have the time, you can go through it and you will see that one of the sort of proofs that.

Chunking works that they refer to is that a group of students who went to France and had a lot of exposure to French, they ended up speaking in sort of natural sounding chunks.

So they had acquired an ability to speak in chunks and that made them sound more natural and they were able to speak more quickly.

We can't all fly off to the country where the language is spoken that we are trying to learn.

But as you'll see from this link that I left you, the teachers want to teach.

So if chunks are important, then they want to teach them, they want to have, you know, do we teach them for frequency?

Do we teach them for ease of learning?

They come up with different criteria so that they can deliberately teach the chunks that the learners should learn.

Which, in my way of thinking, is kind of putting things backwards, as I shall explain.

Now, of course, part of this desire to teach the chunks, or teach vocabulary, is that if you allow the learner to simply learn from, you know, a lot of meaningful content, they may shy away from deliberately learning the language, deliberately learning the grammar, the rules.

But maybe that's not such a bad thing.

I'm a believer in crash, and I believe wholeheartedly in The power of input.

So I avoid doing too much sort of deliberate learning and more sort of getting the language in me more naturally.

In fact, you'll see in that study that I sent you to that one commentator said that who was kind of pushing back on the idea of learning chunks that yeah, we can acquire chunks from being exposed to a lot of different contexts.

And in fact, there is research to show that we learn Patterns and verbs more easily from a variety of contexts, as opposed to sort of frequency of exposure.

There are more traditional, you know, vocabulary learning techniques.

We learn it better if we're exposed to a lot of different contexts.

But this one person said, the sheer enormity of the amount of material that we have to, you know, consume in order to acquire our vocabulary and our text.

Chunks from sort of input is just, it makes it impossible.

But then I go back to these students who were studying French, who went to France and came back with natural chunking.

They didn't do it because they deliberately studied chunks.

They did it because they had a lot of exposure in meaningful contexts and speaking to people.

They were interested in what they were hearing.

They were picking up the language.

They were trying it out and gradually they spoke more and more naturally.

Gradually. They used more natural chunks.

So this brings me back to my Turkish learning.

So this morning I had a lesson with my Turkish tutor, and of course I struggle mightily to produce, particularly the verb forms, correctly in Turkish.

And kind of I say to myself, will I ever be able to do that?

And, of course, I know from experience that I will gradually be able to do that better and better as long as I trust the process.

So I have a lot of words in my vocabulary that I can trot out in our conversation connecting them with very poor grammar.

And over time, I believe I will get better at it.

So my strategy is massive.

So, as I did with Polish, as I did with Danish, as I did with other languages, I find a website which has audiobooks and e books, which in the case of Turkish is Storytel.

And the big advantage of getting on these websites is that in addition to podcasts that you can subscribe to, you can also, once you connect with audible.

com, if you're learning English or Spanish, or in my case, Storytel or publio.

com. PL or, or Saxo, I think it was for Danish.

It shows up on your Apple CarPlay screen.

So the minute I get in the car, I just turn on an audio book that I'm listening to in Turkish.

I'm listening to it.

I am picking up chunks here and there.

I don't understand actually what they're talking about, but I do hear very clearly defined chunks that form part of the language that I, eventually want to be able to use.

And so what I then do is, because I always get the audiobook and the e book, then I go into the e book on LingQ, and in particular, as I'm reading it, where I see some really useful chunks, I can go into sentence mode, I can link some of these words together to form phrases, I can review them, and then I have to reassemble the sentence.

And in this way, I get a sort of a random exposure to different chunks.

Of course, it's not the tremendous number of chunks that I will eventually need, but slowly I'm going to be picking up and noticing and collecting more and more of these chunks through massive exposure to the language and the occasional effort at Sort of in isolating and focusing in on certain chunks.

Based on my experience, I will eventually get better.

I won't be perfect and it takes a long time to sort of reduce the number of mistakes we make.

And that's why in, in one of these other links that I leave with you, where they compare, you know, frequency versus time.

Diversity of context to help you learn vocabulary.

They sort of say for early production.

Why for early production?

We don't need early production.

We don't need to be able to speak right away.

I've been at Turkish now for five and a half months.

I can't expect to speak that well.

I don't have that sort of goal.

I want to get the language in me.

And I will gradually get better, and I can always go back to content that I've done before.

Even easy content like the mini stories, I can go through it in sentence mode if necessary, focus in on certain chunks, or patterns, or verb forms, and continue to improve.

All the while enjoying my language learning, and not being too focused in on deliberately learning anything.

So, there you have it.

I hope that was helpful.

Thank you. Bye.

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背景與環境

在學習語言的過程中，很多人往往專注於單詞和語法，認為掌握了這些就可以流利表達。然而，近年來的研究顯示，語言學習中有一個關鍵但常被忽視的因素——“chunking”，即將語言分成可管理的塊來學習。這一概念由語言學家Lewis教授提出，他認為語言的60%是由這些固定搭配和短語組成。通過學習這些“chunk”，我們可以更自然、更快速地進行交流。

日常交流的五大短語

by the way（順便說一下）
on the other hand（另一方面）
all of a sudden（突然之間）
as a matter of fact（事實上）
to be honest（說實話）

這些短語在日常對話中非常常見，學習並運用它們將幫助你聽起來更自然，提升你的英語口語能力。使用這些短語的同時嘗試在真實場景中進行練習是非常重要的。

逐步影子跟讀指南

要有效地掌握這些短語並改善英語發音，可以採用以下逐步的方法進行影子跟讀（英語影子跟讀）練習：

選擇一段自然的對話或演講：找一段包含你想學習短語的音訊或影片，最好是生活化的場景。
初步理解內容：聽幾遍，確保你理解大意，不必糾結於每個單詞。
逐句跟讀：使用影子跟讀技術，試著跟隨說話者的節奏和語調，特別注意短語的拼讀和使用方式。
錄音並回放自己：錄下你自己的跟讀，回放聆聽，找出需要改進的地方。
反覆練習：通過多次的跟讀和錄音，逐漸提高流利度和自信心。可以在專注於發音的同時，使用如“shadowspeaks”之類的工具來提升效果。

影子跟讀能夠幫助你在上下文中學習短語，提升你的英語溝通能力，同時理解它們的實際用法。記得放鬆心態，享受學習的過程！

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've found · has never worked · there's been
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	students who went · students who were · website which has
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is spoken · being exposed

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Chunking: the secret to fluency? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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