跟讀練習: How to Speak Articulately - 通過影片學習英語口語
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148 句
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The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote that a century ago, and it may be one of the most quietly devastating sentences in philosophy.
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Because if it's true, then every word you can't find is a thought you can't fully have.
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And every idea you can't express is an idea that, as far as the world is concerned, you never had.
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And the world is listening.
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Within moments of hearing you speak, people decide how intelligent you are, how confident you are, whether you're worth following.
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Fair or not, your voice is the window they judge your mind through.
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But here is what most people get wrong about speaking well.
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Being articulate is not about big words.
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It's not about talking fast or never pausing or sounding impressive.
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It is something simpler and much harder.
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It is clear thinking made audible.
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So, let's build it from the ground up.
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There's a line attributed to Cato the Elder, the Roman statesman, that holds the whole secret.
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Grasp the subject and the words will follow.
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Most people who stumble when they speak don't have a language problem.
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They have a thinking problem.
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They start a sentence before they know where it's going.
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And then they search for the destination in real time, in front of everyone.
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That search is what you hear as, um, uh, like, you know.
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So the first thing you need to do happens before you open your mouth.
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Know your point.
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Not your topic, your point.
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A topic is my job.
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A point is, I'm leaving my job because I've stopped growing.
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Here's a simple test.
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If you can't say it in one sentence, you're not ready to say it in ten.
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And once you have that sentence, give it a spine.
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State the point, give the reason, offer an example.
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Then return to the point.
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Point, reason, example, point.
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It sounds almost too simple, but it's how clear thinkers have always spoken.
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The listener always knows where they are and where you're taking them.
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Aristotle taught that the first virtue of good speech is clarity.
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His reasoning was blunt.
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Language exists to carry meaning from one mind to another.
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Speech that doesn't make its meaning plain has failed at the one thing it exists to do.
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This is where people sabotage themselves by trying to sound smart.
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They reach for the longest word, the most tangled sentence, the vague phrase that sounds deep.
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But complexity is usually a hiding place.
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It covers the fact that the speaker isn't sure what they mean.
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Articulate people do the opposite.
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They use ordinary words with extraordinary precision.
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Short sentences, concrete examples, one idea at a time.
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And when an idea is abstract, they make it physical.
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Don't say the team lacks coordination.
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Say it's five men rowing in different directions.
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The mind forgets abstractions, but it remembers pictures.
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When a truly intelligent person explains something, you don't walk away impressed by their vocabulary.
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You walk away understanding.
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Blaise Pascal once ended a letter by apologizing for its length.
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He said he had made it longer than usual because he hadn't had time to make it shorter.
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Saying less is harder than saying more because it forces you to decide what matters.
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And most speech is padded with words that carry nothing.
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Basically.
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Honestly.
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Kind of.
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I just feel like.
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Each one is small.
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Together, they bury your meaning and drain your authority.
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So start hearing them and cut them.
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And watch especially how you finish.
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Weak speakers trail off.
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And so, yeah, I don't know.
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Strong speakers land the sentence and stop.
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Then there are the hedges.
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I think maybe.
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I'm not sure, but.
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This could be wrong, but.
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Sometimes uncertainty is honest.
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And then you should say it once, plainly.
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But most hedges aren't honesty.
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They're armor.
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They protect you from being wrong by making sure you never fully said anything.
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If you believe it, say it.
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This is the right move.
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Not, I don't know, maybe it could possibly be.
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Conviction isn't arrogance.
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It's simply meaning what you say.
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Which brings us to the most underrated tool in speaking.
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Silence.
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Most filler words come from one fear.
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The fear of a gap.
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We believe a pause makes us look lost so we fill it with noise.
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But the opposite is true.
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A pause makes you look certain.
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It tells the room you're choosing your words, not grabbing at them.
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And it gives the listener a moment to absorb what you just said.
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So every time you feel an um coming, close your mouth and let the silence sit.
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To you, it will feel like forever.
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To everyone else, it sounds like composure.
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And slow down.
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Nervous speakers rush, because some part of them wants to escape.
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Speak at the pace of someone who expects to be listened to.
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End your statements on a downward note, not a rising one.
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A sentence that lifts at the end sounds like a question, like you're asking permission to believe yourself.
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Now come back to Wittgenstein.
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If your language is the boundary of your world.. then building your vocabulary isn't about showing off.
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It's about seeing more.
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A man who only has the word bad can't tell the difference between disappointed, betrayed, exhausted, and ashamed.
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And if he can't name the difference, he can't explain it.
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And often he can't even understand it in himself.
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Precise words don't just make you clearer to others.
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They make you clearer to yourself.
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You don't build this by memorizing lists.
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You build it by reading.
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Real writing By people who used language well
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And reading it out loud
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So your mouth learns the shape of a good sentence
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When you find a word you like
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Use it three times that week
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Until it belongs to you
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But articulate speech isn't only about the one speaking Zeno, the founder of Stoicism Said we have two ears and one mouth
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So that we can listen more and talk less
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The most articulate people in any room are almost always the best listeners.
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They hear the whole question before answering it.
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They answer what was asked, not what they wanted to talk about.
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And because they listened, their words land exactly where they're needed.
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Most people listen while preparing their reply, and you can hear it.
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Their answers miss by a few inches.
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Listen fully, and your words start hitting the target.
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And there is one last layer, deeper than any technique.
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Seneca repeated an old
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Greek saying, as a man lives, so he speaks.
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Disordered speech usually comes from a disordered mind.
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Vague words often come from a life lived vaguely, avoiding hard thoughts, never deciding what you actually believe.
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You cannot speak clearly about what you refuse to think clearly about.
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So the most powerful speaking practice isn't a speaking practice at all.
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It's thinking, writing things down, deciding what you believe and why.
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Then when someone asks, the answer is already there, waiting.
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So here is what you need to do, starting today.
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Read out loud for 10 minutes a day from something well written.
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Once a day, pick one idea and explain it into your phone for 60 seconds.
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Point, reason, example, point.
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Listen back, count your fillers, then do it again with pauses where the fillers were.
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Before every important conversation, write your point in a single sentence.
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When someone asks you a question, take one breath before you answer.
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Collect words you love and use them until they're yours.
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And cut every word that isn't doing work.
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Do this for 30 days and the people around you will notice.
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They won't be able to say exactly what changed.
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They'll just find themselves listening when you speak.
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Because the limits of your language really are the limits of your world.
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Every word you master pushes that boundary a little further out.
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Every clear sentence is a piece of your mind made visible.
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So speak like someone who has thought it through.
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Because from now on, you will have.
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Thank you.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“How to Speak Articulately”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：word, sentence, speak, language, speech。 這段影片共有 148 個句子、1351 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 8:15。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 164 個詞，接近日常對話。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| pause 名詞 | /pɔːz/ | 停頓 /停頓, 暫停 /暫停 |
| listener 名詞 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 傾聽者 /傾聽者, 聽者 /聽者 |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主題, 話題 /話題 |
| silence 名詞 | /ˈsaɪ̯ləns/ | 沉默 |
| disorder 名詞 | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | 混亂 /混亂, 紊亂 /紊亂 |
| intelligent 形容詞 | /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ | 聰明 /聰明, 聰慧 /聰慧 |
| boundary 名詞 | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | 邊界 /邊界 |
| vague 形容詞 | /veɪɡ/ | 模糊, 糢糊 |
| vocabulary 名詞 | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | 詞匯 /詞彙, 語匯 /語彙 |
| hedge 名詞 | /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/ | 籬牆 /籬牆, 樹籬 /樹籬 |
| rush 動詞 | /ɹʌʃ/ | 急速去, 急速做 |
| impressive 形容詞 | /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ | 令人印象深刻 |
| technique 名詞 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 技術 /技術, 技巧 |
| founder 名詞 | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | 創辦人 /創辦人, 創立者 /創立者 |
| trail 名詞 | /tɹeɪl/ | 足跡 /足跡, 蹤跡 /蹤跡 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| show off 動詞 | 炫耀, 賣弄 /賣弄 |
| slow down 動詞 | 減速 /減速, 放慢 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Not, I don't know, maybe it could possibly be.
- It's simply meaning what you say.
- Precise words don't just make you clearer to others.
- You don't build this by memorizing lists.
- They'll just find themselves listening when you speak.
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | people who stumble · someone who expects · man who only |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | I've stopped · have always spoken · has failed |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is padded · be listened · was asked |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 37 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 can't, don't, isn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: breathe /bɹiːð/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: rush /ɹʌʃ/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/, ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vague /veɪɡ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: pause /pɔːz/, articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, silence /ˈsaɪ̯ləns/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, trail /tɹeɪl/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 pause, listener, topic 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。