Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to Speak Articulately
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148 câu
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The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote that a century ago, and it may be one of the most quietly devastating sentences in philosophy.
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Because if it's true, then every word you can't find is a thought you can't fully have.
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And every idea you can't express is an idea that, as far as the world is concerned, you never had.
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And the world is listening.
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Within moments of hearing you speak, people decide how intelligent you are, how confident you are, whether you're worth following.
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Fair or not, your voice is the window they judge your mind through.
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But here is what most people get wrong about speaking well.
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Being articulate is not about big words.
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It's not about talking fast or never pausing or sounding impressive.
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It is something simpler and much harder.
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It is clear thinking made audible.
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So, let's build it from the ground up.
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There's a line attributed to Cato the Elder, the Roman statesman, that holds the whole secret.
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Grasp the subject and the words will follow.
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Most people who stumble when they speak don't have a language problem.
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They have a thinking problem.
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They start a sentence before they know where it's going.
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And then they search for the destination in real time, in front of everyone.
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That search is what you hear as, um, uh, like, you know.
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So the first thing you need to do happens before you open your mouth.
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Know your point.
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Not your topic, your point.
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A topic is my job.
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A point is, I'm leaving my job because I've stopped growing.
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Here's a simple test.
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If you can't say it in one sentence, you're not ready to say it in ten.
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And once you have that sentence, give it a spine.
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State the point, give the reason, offer an example.
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Then return to the point.
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Point, reason, example, point.
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It sounds almost too simple, but it's how clear thinkers have always spoken.
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The listener always knows where they are and where you're taking them.
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Aristotle taught that the first virtue of good speech is clarity.
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His reasoning was blunt.
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Language exists to carry meaning from one mind to another.
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Speech that doesn't make its meaning plain has failed at the one thing it exists to do.
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This is where people sabotage themselves by trying to sound smart.
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They reach for the longest word, the most tangled sentence, the vague phrase that sounds deep.
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But complexity is usually a hiding place.
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It covers the fact that the speaker isn't sure what they mean.
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Articulate people do the opposite.
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They use ordinary words with extraordinary precision.
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Short sentences, concrete examples, one idea at a time.
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And when an idea is abstract, they make it physical.
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Don't say the team lacks coordination.
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Say it's five men rowing in different directions.
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The mind forgets abstractions, but it remembers pictures.
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When a truly intelligent person explains something, you don't walk away impressed by their vocabulary.
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You walk away understanding.
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Blaise Pascal once ended a letter by apologizing for its length.
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He said he had made it longer than usual because he hadn't had time to make it shorter.
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Saying less is harder than saying more because it forces you to decide what matters.
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And most speech is padded with words that carry nothing.
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Basically.
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Honestly.
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Kind of.
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I just feel like.
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Each one is small.
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Together, they bury your meaning and drain your authority.
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So start hearing them and cut them.
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And watch especially how you finish.
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Weak speakers trail off.
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And so, yeah, I don't know.
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Strong speakers land the sentence and stop.
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Then there are the hedges.
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I think maybe.
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I'm not sure, but.
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This could be wrong, but.
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Sometimes uncertainty is honest.
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And then you should say it once, plainly.
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But most hedges aren't honesty.
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They're armor.
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They protect you from being wrong by making sure you never fully said anything.
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If you believe it, say it.
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This is the right move.
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Not, I don't know, maybe it could possibly be.
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Conviction isn't arrogance.
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It's simply meaning what you say.
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Which brings us to the most underrated tool in speaking.
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Silence.
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Most filler words come from one fear.
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The fear of a gap.
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We believe a pause makes us look lost so we fill it with noise.
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But the opposite is true.
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A pause makes you look certain.
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It tells the room you're choosing your words, not grabbing at them.
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And it gives the listener a moment to absorb what you just said.
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So every time you feel an um coming, close your mouth and let the silence sit.
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To you, it will feel like forever.
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To everyone else, it sounds like composure.
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And slow down.
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Nervous speakers rush, because some part of them wants to escape.
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Speak at the pace of someone who expects to be listened to.
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End your statements on a downward note, not a rising one.
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A sentence that lifts at the end sounds like a question, like you're asking permission to believe yourself.
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Now come back to Wittgenstein.
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If your language is the boundary of your world.. then building your vocabulary isn't about showing off.
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It's about seeing more.
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A man who only has the word bad can't tell the difference between disappointed, betrayed, exhausted, and ashamed.
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And if he can't name the difference, he can't explain it.
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And often he can't even understand it in himself.
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Precise words don't just make you clearer to others.
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They make you clearer to yourself.
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You don't build this by memorizing lists.
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You build it by reading.
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Real writing By people who used language well
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And reading it out loud
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So your mouth learns the shape of a good sentence
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When you find a word you like
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Use it three times that week
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Until it belongs to you
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But articulate speech isn't only about the one speaking Zeno, the founder of Stoicism Said we have two ears and one mouth
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So that we can listen more and talk less
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The most articulate people in any room are almost always the best listeners.
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They hear the whole question before answering it.
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They answer what was asked, not what they wanted to talk about.
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And because they listened, their words land exactly where they're needed.
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Most people listen while preparing their reply, and you can hear it.
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Their answers miss by a few inches.
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Listen fully, and your words start hitting the target.
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And there is one last layer, deeper than any technique.
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Seneca repeated an old
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Greek saying, as a man lives, so he speaks.
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Disordered speech usually comes from a disordered mind.
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Vague words often come from a life lived vaguely, avoiding hard thoughts, never deciding what you actually believe.
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You cannot speak clearly about what you refuse to think clearly about.
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So the most powerful speaking practice isn't a speaking practice at all.
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It's thinking, writing things down, deciding what you believe and why.
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Then when someone asks, the answer is already there, waiting.
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So here is what you need to do, starting today.
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Read out loud for 10 minutes a day from something well written.
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Once a day, pick one idea and explain it into your phone for 60 seconds.
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Point, reason, example, point.
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Listen back, count your fillers, then do it again with pauses where the fillers were.
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Before every important conversation, write your point in a single sentence.
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When someone asks you a question, take one breath before you answer.
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Collect words you love and use them until they're yours.
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And cut every word that isn't doing work.
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Do this for 30 days and the people around you will notice.
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They won't be able to say exactly what changed.
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They'll just find themselves listening when you speak.
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Because the limits of your language really are the limits of your world.
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Every word you master pushes that boundary a little further out.
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Every clear sentence is a piece of your mind made visible.
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So speak like someone who has thought it through.
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Because from now on, you will have.
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Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “How to Speak Articulately”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: word, sentence, speak, language, speech. Video này có 148 câu và 1351 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 8:15. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 164 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| listener danh từ | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | thính giả, người nghe |
| topic danh từ | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | chủ đề |
| silence danh từ | /ˈsaɪ̯ləns/ | sự yên lặng |
| disorder danh từ | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | rối loạn |
| intelligent tính từ | /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ | thông minh |
| vague tính từ | /veɪɡ/ | mơ hồ, mông lung |
| vocabulary danh từ | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | từ vựng |
| technique danh từ | /tɛkˈniːk/ | kỹ thuật, kĩ thuật |
| founder danh từ | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | người sáng lập |
| ear danh từ | /ˈɪə̯/ | tai |
| plain danh từ | /pleɪn/ | đồng bằng, bình nguyên |
| disappointed tính từ | /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd/ | thất vọng |
| layer danh từ | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | lớp |
| refuse động từ | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | từ chối |
| visible tính từ | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | nhìn thấy được, khả kiến |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| show off động từ | khoe |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- Not, I don't know, maybe it could possibly be.
- It's simply meaning what you say.
- Precise words don't just make you clearer to others.
- You don't build this by memorizing lists.
- They'll just find themselves listening when you speak.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who stumble · someone who expects · man who only |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | I've stopped · have always spoken · has failed |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is padded · be listened · was asked |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 37 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ can't, don't, isn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: rush /ɹʌʃ/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/, ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: silence /ˈsaɪ̯ləns/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, hedge /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/, virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, pad /pæd/, grasp /ɡɹæsp/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như listener, topic, silence.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.