Практика Shadowing: How to Speak Articulately - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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148 предложений
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The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote that a century ago, and it may be one of the most quietly devastating sentences in philosophy.
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Because if it's true, then every word you can't find is a thought you can't fully have.
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And every idea you can't express is an idea that, as far as the world is concerned, you never had.
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And the world is listening.
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Within moments of hearing you speak, people decide how intelligent you are, how confident you are, whether you're worth following.
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Fair or not, your voice is the window they judge your mind through.
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But here is what most people get wrong about speaking well.
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Being articulate is not about big words.
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It's not about talking fast or never pausing or sounding impressive.
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It is something simpler and much harder.
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It is clear thinking made audible.
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So, let's build it from the ground up.
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There's a line attributed to Cato the Elder, the Roman statesman, that holds the whole secret.
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Grasp the subject and the words will follow.
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Most people who stumble when they speak don't have a language problem.
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They have a thinking problem.
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They start a sentence before they know where it's going.
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And then they search for the destination in real time, in front of everyone.
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That search is what you hear as, um, uh, like, you know.
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So the first thing you need to do happens before you open your mouth.
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Know your point.
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Not your topic, your point.
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A topic is my job.
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A point is, I'm leaving my job because I've stopped growing.
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Here's a simple test.
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If you can't say it in one sentence, you're not ready to say it in ten.
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And once you have that sentence, give it a spine.
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State the point, give the reason, offer an example.
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Then return to the point.
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Point, reason, example, point.
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It sounds almost too simple, but it's how clear thinkers have always spoken.
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The listener always knows where they are and where you're taking them.
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Aristotle taught that the first virtue of good speech is clarity.
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His reasoning was blunt.
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Language exists to carry meaning from one mind to another.
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Speech that doesn't make its meaning plain has failed at the one thing it exists to do.
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This is where people sabotage themselves by trying to sound smart.
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They reach for the longest word, the most tangled sentence, the vague phrase that sounds deep.
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But complexity is usually a hiding place.
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It covers the fact that the speaker isn't sure what they mean.
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Articulate people do the opposite.
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They use ordinary words with extraordinary precision.
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Short sentences, concrete examples, one idea at a time.
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And when an idea is abstract, they make it physical.
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Don't say the team lacks coordination.
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Say it's five men rowing in different directions.
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The mind forgets abstractions, but it remembers pictures.
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When a truly intelligent person explains something, you don't walk away impressed by their vocabulary.
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You walk away understanding.
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Blaise Pascal once ended a letter by apologizing for its length.
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He said he had made it longer than usual because he hadn't had time to make it shorter.
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Saying less is harder than saying more because it forces you to decide what matters.
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And most speech is padded with words that carry nothing.
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Basically.
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Honestly.
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Kind of.
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I just feel like.
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Each one is small.
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Together, they bury your meaning and drain your authority.
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So start hearing them and cut them.
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And watch especially how you finish.
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Weak speakers trail off.
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And so, yeah, I don't know.
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Strong speakers land the sentence and stop.
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Then there are the hedges.
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I think maybe.
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I'm not sure, but.
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This could be wrong, but.
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Sometimes uncertainty is honest.
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And then you should say it once, plainly.
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But most hedges aren't honesty.
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They're armor.
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They protect you from being wrong by making sure you never fully said anything.
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If you believe it, say it.
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This is the right move.
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Not, I don't know, maybe it could possibly be.
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Conviction isn't arrogance.
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It's simply meaning what you say.
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Which brings us to the most underrated tool in speaking.
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Silence.
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Most filler words come from one fear.
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The fear of a gap.
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We believe a pause makes us look lost so we fill it with noise.
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But the opposite is true.
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A pause makes you look certain.
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It tells the room you're choosing your words, not grabbing at them.
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And it gives the listener a moment to absorb what you just said.
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So every time you feel an um coming, close your mouth and let the silence sit.
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To you, it will feel like forever.
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To everyone else, it sounds like composure.
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And slow down.
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Nervous speakers rush, because some part of them wants to escape.
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Speak at the pace of someone who expects to be listened to.
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End your statements on a downward note, not a rising one.
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A sentence that lifts at the end sounds like a question, like you're asking permission to believe yourself.
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Now come back to Wittgenstein.
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If your language is the boundary of your world.. then building your vocabulary isn't about showing off.
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It's about seeing more.
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A man who only has the word bad can't tell the difference between disappointed, betrayed, exhausted, and ashamed.
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And if he can't name the difference, he can't explain it.
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And often he can't even understand it in himself.
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Precise words don't just make you clearer to others.
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They make you clearer to yourself.
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You don't build this by memorizing lists.
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You build it by reading.
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Real writing By people who used language well
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And reading it out loud
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So your mouth learns the shape of a good sentence
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When you find a word you like
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Use it three times that week
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Until it belongs to you
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But articulate speech isn't only about the one speaking Zeno, the founder of Stoicism Said we have two ears and one mouth
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So that we can listen more and talk less
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The most articulate people in any room are almost always the best listeners.
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They hear the whole question before answering it.
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They answer what was asked, not what they wanted to talk about.
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And because they listened, their words land exactly where they're needed.
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Most people listen while preparing their reply, and you can hear it.
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Their answers miss by a few inches.
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Listen fully, and your words start hitting the target.
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And there is one last layer, deeper than any technique.
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Seneca repeated an old
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Greek saying, as a man lives, so he speaks.
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Disordered speech usually comes from a disordered mind.
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Vague words often come from a life lived vaguely, avoiding hard thoughts, never deciding what you actually believe.
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You cannot speak clearly about what you refuse to think clearly about.
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So the most powerful speaking practice isn't a speaking practice at all.
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It's thinking, writing things down, deciding what you believe and why.
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Then when someone asks, the answer is already there, waiting.
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So here is what you need to do, starting today.
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Read out loud for 10 minutes a day from something well written.
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Once a day, pick one idea and explain it into your phone for 60 seconds.
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Point, reason, example, point.
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Listen back, count your fillers, then do it again with pauses where the fillers were.
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Before every important conversation, write your point in a single sentence.
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When someone asks you a question, take one breath before you answer.
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Collect words you love and use them until they're yours.
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And cut every word that isn't doing work.
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Do this for 30 days and the people around you will notice.
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They won't be able to say exactly what changed.
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They'll just find themselves listening when you speak.
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Because the limits of your language really are the limits of your world.
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Every word you master pushes that boundary a little further out.
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Every clear sentence is a piece of your mind made visible.
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So speak like someone who has thought it through.
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Because from now on, you will have.
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Thank you.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «How to Speak Articulately». Чаще всего повторяются слова: word, sentence, speak, language, speech. В этом видео 148 предложений и 1351 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:15. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 164 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 85% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| pause существительное | /pɔːz/ | па́уза, остано́вка |
| listener существительное | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | слу́шатель, слу́шательница |
| topic существительное | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | те́ма, предме́т |
| silence существительное | /ˈsaɪ̯ləns/ | тишина́, молча́ние |
| disorder существительное | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | беспоря́док, каварда́к |
| intelligent прилагательное | /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ | у́мный, разу́мный |
| boundary существительное | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | грани́ца, межа́ |
| vague прилагательное | /veɪɡ/ | нея́сный, нечёткий |
| vocabulary существительное | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | слова́рь, слова́рный запа́с |
| hedge существительное | /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/ | жива́я и́згородь |
| rush глагол | /ɹʌʃ/ | спеши́ть, поспеши́ть |
| impressive прилагательное | /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ | впечатля́ющий, внуши́тельный |
| technique существительное | /tɛkˈniːk/ | те́хника |
| founder существительное | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | основа́тель, основа́тельница |
| trail существительное | /tɹeɪl/ | след |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| show off глагол | рисова́ться, красова́ться |
| slow down глагол | замедля́ть, заме́длить |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- Not, I don't know, maybe it could possibly be.
- It's simply meaning what you say.
- Precise words don't just make you clearer to others.
- You don't build this by memorizing lists.
- They'll just find themselves listening when you speak.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | people who stumble · someone who expects · man who only |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | I've stopped · have always spoken · has failed |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is padded · be listened · was asked |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 37 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например can't, don't, isn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: breathe /bɹiːð/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: rush /ɹʌʃ/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/, ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: quietly /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt.li/, downward /ˈdaʊnwɚd/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: pause /pɔːz/, vague /veɪɡ/, hedge /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/, impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/, disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как pause, listener, topic.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.