跟讀練習: PCB 101 Academy - Learn how printed circuit boards are assembled - 通過影片學習英語口語
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72 句
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I am here at Roy Electronics in Northern Italy
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and I'm going to share with you now the PCB assembly
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process as it starts from the bareboard PCBs to the end customers.
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ProElectronics have implemented a very advanced
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Industry 4 .0 PCB assembly shop floor.
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As you can see, there are hardly any operators in this production floor because they have chosen to implement a very high level of automation.
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This is the shop floor of the future.
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Let's go have a look.
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The burr board goes into the laser marking machine.
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The machine marks a unique serial number which comes from the ERP
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and reports to the output file that the Valor IoT can then collect the data.
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The serial number will enable us to track this specific board and know exactly what happened to it.
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At ROI, the serial numbers are generated by the ERP and are unique to each PCB.
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The screen printer applies the paste through the stencil.
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Each job has a different stencil which is planned with Valor process preparation.
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It must be precise per product and per revision.
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At this station, we can expect a relatively high rate of defects.
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It is very sensitive to environment condition, temperature, humidity, time.
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This is the reason for many tests and inspections after this stage.
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With Valor material management, we can conduct stencil verification by scanning the stencil barcode and reporting the exact stencil and paste we have used.
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The solder paste inspection machine, referenced as SPI, tests the quality of the printer to verify
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that everything was printed according to the plan and there is paste only where it should be.
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The SPI will run the test program and report the findings in a file, including pass -fail as well as measurements.
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This data is later on collected by Valor IoT.
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Roy have three types of pick -and -place machines.
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A fast pick -and -place machine, a machine with a camera for small and subtle components when accuracy is highly important,
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and a very strong machine with high pressure for boards that require force in implementing its components.
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Having different pick -and -place machines is typical to many manufacturers.
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It allows for high accuracy and flexibility.
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Valor process preparation can help in generating the assembly programs.
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Valor IoT manufacturing connects to the pick and place machine and can collect data regarding machine utilization.
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Valor material management helps manage the material on the machine and replacement of material when it's consumed.
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At the visual inspection station, operators can validate that the correct components were placed on the board before continuing in the manufacturing process.
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Valor process preparation can create a documentation which will define for the operator what should be inspected at this stage.
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Here the soldering is done.
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The plan for the oven is referred to as an oven profile.
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The reflow oven is divided into several chambers.
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The speed through each chamber can be different, and each chamber can have a different temperature.
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Valo IoT Manufacturing connects to the reflow oven and receives information regarding the actual temperature and speed of the oven.
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At this station, we wish to ensure
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that each component was placed correctly in the right angle and that the soldering is good.
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Valor process preparation can help us prepare a test program so
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that the exact location where the pins contact the pads will be examined.
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At this point, the SMT process is complete.
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Following the SMT process, we have additional placement technologies such as through -hole and manual assembly.
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At the through -hole station at Roy, we can see that the through -hole components are placed manually on the PCB,
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but they are then soldered in a selective soldering oven.
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There are two methods which are used to perform electrical tests on the PCB.
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Bed of nails for high volume,
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which allows for shorter time of testing but requires expensive development of fixtures or flying probe for high mix small volume.
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It takes longer to program the flying probe and run the test but is much easier to handle new products.
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Valor process preparation can help plan the fixture of the bed
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of nail as well as generate a program for the flying probe machine.
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In addition, Valor IoT will collect data from the different testers including the different electrical measurement as well as the pass fail.
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All Valor manufacturing solutions have been integrated into the CamStar electronics suite.
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Data is sent to the MES, which now runs the entire process.
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For large BGA components, we need to check that the pins reach the right layer.
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These pins are usually behind the component and therefore cannot be tested with AOI machines.
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In this case, we use an x -ray to take an x -ray image of the PCB
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and make sure that the connectivity and the soldering is adequate.
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Now we can actually test the functionality of the completed product.
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The preference is always to find issues through the different processes
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and avoid finding defects at the last stage of the functional test.
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Here, mechanical parts are assembled manually or by a robot.
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At this point, the product assembly is complete.
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That's it.
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The product is ready to be delivered.
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We can package it and send it to the end customer.
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The PCB assembly process has been completed.
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Now that we've learned how PCBs are made, come and join us in leading this industry.
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Siemens.
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Ingenuity for life.
FOR YOU
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“PCB 101 Academy - Learn how printed circuit boards are assembled”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：machine, process, pcb, valor, test。 這段影片共有 32 個句子、904 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:13。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 145 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 78% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| component 名詞 | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | 元件, 部件 |
| oven 名詞 | /ˈʌ.vn̩/ | 烤爐 /烤爐, 爐 /爐 |
| preparation 名詞 | /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ | 準備 /準備 |
| collect 動詞 | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | 庋藏, 收藏 |
| pasta 名詞 | /ˈpɑ.stə/ | мянфан, 義大利麵 /義大利麵 |
| chamber 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | 臥室 /臥室, 寢室 /寢室 |
| operator 名詞 | /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ | 話務員 /話務員, 接線員 /接線員 |
| pin 名詞 | /pɪn/ | 別針 /別針 |
| implement 動詞 | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | 實施 /實施, 執行 /執行 |
| electronics 名詞 | /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/ | 電子學 /電子學 |
| inspection 名詞 | /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/ | 檢查 /檢查 |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 連線 /連線 |
| accuracy 名詞 | /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/ | 準確度 /準確度, 準確性 /準確性 |
| nail 名詞 | /neɪl/ | зыҗя, җиҗя |
| measurement 名詞 | /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/ | 尺寸 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are generated · is planned · was printed |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have implemented · have chosen · have been integrated |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | stencil which is · documentation which will · methods which are |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 3 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, they're, we've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, accuracy /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: oven /ˈʌ.vn̩/, sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/, collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/, generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: serial /ˈsɪɹ.i.əl/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, replacement /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 component, oven, preparation 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。