跟读练习: 2-Minute Neuroscience: Leptin & Ghrelin - 通过视频学习英语口语
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16 句
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Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that exert opposing influences in the regulation of appetite and energy balance.
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Leptin is produced mainly by fat cells, and circulating leptin levels increase as body fat increases, reflecting the amount of stored energy in the body.
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Leptin acts on receptors in several brain regions,
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most notably the hypothalamus, where it suppresses food intake by inhibiting appetite -stimulating neurons and activating neurons that reduce feeding behavior.
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Ghrelin is produced mainly by the stomach, and is released when energy availability is low, such as during a period of fasting.
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Ghrelin levels typically rise before meals and fall after eating, and thus may play an important role as a short -term driver of hunger and feeding.
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Ghrelin also exerts many of its effects through receptors in the hypothalamus, where it activates neurons that promote feeding behavior.
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Ghrelin may also influence the reward system, which could increase food intake for the sake of pleasure, independent of energy availability.
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In general, leptin inhibits hunger and ghrelin stimulates it,
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and the balance between the two forms part of a broader system that helps regulate feeding behavior and body weight.
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When we lose weight, for example, ghrelin levels tend to increase and leptin decreases,
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mechanisms that are thought to help us maintain a consistent weight over time.
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The role of leptin and ghrelin in obesity, however, is still unclear.
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Leptin levels in obesity are higher than normal, but the brain is often less responsive to leptin, a phenomenon called leptin resistance.
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Ghrelin levels are typically lower in people with obesity, and do not fall as significantly after a meal, nor rise as much before a meal.
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It's possible these more stable ghrelin levels could result in less restricted eating periods and contribute to obesity, but more research is needed to confirm this.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“2-Minute Neuroscience: Leptin & Ghrelin”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：ghrelin, leptin, levels, obesity, feeding。 这段视频共有 16 个句子、302 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 1:50。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 165 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 71% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| obesity 名词 | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | 肥胖, 肥胖症 |
| meal 名词 | /ˈmiːl/ | 餐, 飯 /饭 |
| availability 名词 | /əˌveɪ.ləˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ | 可及性 |
| hunger 名词 | /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ | 飢餓 /饥饿 |
| intake 名词 | /ˈɪnteɪk/ | 攝取量 /摄取量 |
| appetite 名词 | /ˈæp.əˌtaɪt/ | 食慾 /食欲 |
| receptor 名词 | /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/ | 受體 /受体 |
| activate 动词 | /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ | 激活 |
| stimulate 动词 | /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ | 刺激 |
| consistent 形容词 | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | 一貫的 /一贯的 |
| stable 名词 | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | 馬厩, 馬棚 /马棚 |
| stomach 名词 | /ˈstʌmək/ | дўзы, 胃 |
| confirm 动词 | /kənˈfɝm/ | 證實 /证实, 確認 /确认 |
| reflect 动词 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 反映, 反射 |
| regulation 名词 | /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ | 規則 /规则, 規例 /规例 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is produced · are thought · is needed |
需要注意的发音
- 长单词——注意重音位置: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, availability /əˌveɪ.ləˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: availability /əˌveɪ.ləˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, responsive /ɹɪˈspɑn.sɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: intake /ˈɪnteɪk/, appetite /ˈæp.əˌtaɪt/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, stimulate /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/, consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, ghrelin /ˈɡɹɛlɪn/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 obesity, meal, availability 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。