跟读练习: Black Holes Explained – From Birth to Death - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence.
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They don't seem to make any sense at all.
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Where do they come from?
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And what happens if you fall into one?
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Bye.
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Stars are incredibly massive collections of mostly hydrogen atoms that collapse from enormous gas clouds under their own gravity.
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In their core, nuclear fusion crushes hydrogen atoms into helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy.
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This energy, in the form of radiation, pushes against gravity, maintaining a delicate balance between the two forces.
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As long as there is fusion in the core, a star remains stable enough.
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But for stars with way more mass than our own Sun, the heat and pressure at the core allow them to fuse heavier elements until they reach iron.
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Unlike all the elements that went before, the fusion process that creates iron doesn't generate any energy.
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Iron builds up at the center of the star until it reaches a critical amount, and the balance between radiation and gravity is suddenly broken.
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a fraction of a second, the star implodes, moving at about a quarter of the speed of light, feeding even more mass into the core.
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It's at this very moment
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that all the heavier elements in the universe are created as the star dies in a supernova explosion.
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This produces either a neutron star, or if the star is massive enough, the entire mass of the core collapses into a black hole.
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If you looked at a black hole, what you'd really be seeing is the event horizon.
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Anything that crosses the event horizon needs to be traveling faster than the speed of light to escape.
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In other words, it's impossible.
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So we just see a black sphere, reflecting nothing.
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But if the event horizon is the black part, what is the whole part of the black hole?
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The singularity.
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We're not sure what it is exactly.
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A singularity may be infinitely dense, meaning all its mass is concentrated into a single point in space, with no surface or volume.
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Or something completely different.
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Right now, we just don't know.
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It's like a dividing by zero error.
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things up like a vacuum cleaner.
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If we were to swap the Sun for an equally massive black hole, nothing much would change for Earth, except that we would freeze to death, of course.
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What would happen to you if you fell into a black hole?
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The experience of time is different around black holes.
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From the outside, you seem to slow down as you approach the event horizon, so time passes slower for you.
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At some point, you would appear to freeze in time, slowly turn red, and disappear.
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While from your perspective, you can watch the rest of the kind of like seeing into the future.
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Right now, we don't know what happens next, but we think it could be one of two things.
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One, the end.
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You die a quick death.
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A black hole curves space so much that once you cross the event horizon, there is only one possible direction.
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You can take this literally inside the event horizon.
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You can only go in one direction.
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It's like being in a really tight alley that closes behind you after each step.
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The mass of a black hole is so concentrated, at some point even tiny distances of a few centimeters,
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would mean that gravity acts with millions of times more force on different parts of your body.
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and more until you're a hot stream of plasma one atom wide.
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Two, you die a very quick death.
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Very soon after you cross the event horizon, you would hit a firewall and be terminated in an instant.
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Neither of these options are particularly pleasant.
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How soon you would die depends on the mass of the black hole.
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A smaller black hole would kill you before you even entered its event horizon, while you probably could travel inside a supermassive black hole for quite a while.
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As a rule of thumb, longer you live.
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Black holes come in different sizes.
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There are stellar mass black holes, with a few times the mass of the Sun and the diameter of an asteroid.
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And then there are these supermassive black holes, which are found at the heart of every galaxy and have been feeding for billions of years.
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Currently, the largest supermassive black hole known is S50014 +81,
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40 billion times the mass of which is 47 times the distance from the Sun to Pluto.
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As powerful as black holes are, they will eventually evaporate through a process called Hawking radiation.
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To understand how this works, we have to look at empty space.
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Empty space is not really empty, but filled with virtual particles popping into existence and annihilating each other again.
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When this happens right on the edge of a black hole, one of the virtual particles will be drawn into the black hole, and the other will escape and become a real particle.
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So the black hole is losing energy.
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This happens incredibly slowly at first, and gets faster as the black hole becomes smaller.
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When it has the mass of a mountain, it radiates with about the heat of our sun, and in the last second of its life, the black hole radiates away with the energy of billions of nuclear bombs in a huge explosion.
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But this process is incredibly slow.
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The biggest black holes we know might take up to a googol years to evaporate.
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This is so long that when the last black hole radiates away, nobody will be around to witness it.
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The universe will have become uninhabitable long before then.
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This is not the end of our story.
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There are loads more interesting ideas about black holes.
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We'll explore them in part two.
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A big thanks to Fraser Cain for help with this video.
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By the way, we've made some Kurzgesagt wallpaper in 4K for different screen sizes.
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You can get them on our Patreon page, which also helps us to make more videos.
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Like this December, the first month ever with 3 videos.
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you

背景与上下文

在我们探讨如何通过英语影子跟读来提高发音能力之前，了解话题的背景至关重要。本视频的主题是黑洞，从它们的形成到死亡，内容复杂且具有挑战性。然而，通过影子跟读技术，学习者可以更轻松地把握科学英语的表达方式与理解。在观看视频的过程中，英语学习者不仅能获得科学知识，还能提高他们的语言能力，特别是在理解和模仿地道发音方面。

日常交流的五个常用短语

  • 黑洞是存在中最奇特的事物之一。 (Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence.)
  • 星星在其核心进行核聚变。 (Stars undergo nuclear fusion in their cores.)
  • 超新星爆炸中创造了宇宙中的重元素。 (Heavier elements in the universe are created in a supernova explosion.)
  • 越靠近奇点，你的生命越短。 (The closer you get to the singularity, the shorter your life will be.)
  • 黑洞的质量是如此集中。 (The mass of a black hole is so concentrated.)

逐步影子跟读指南

以下是一些步骤，帮助你通过shadow speak的形式改善发音和理解能力，特别是对于像本视频这样复杂的主题。

  1. 观看视频的一部分，专注于讲者的语音语调和语速。
  2. 暂停视频，尝试重复讲者的每一句话，注意发音和重音。此时可以使用shadowspeaks技术，提高英语发音。
  3. 回放特定段落，继续模仿讲者的语音，确保你在反复练习中掌握每个词汇。
  4. 记录自己的发音，与视频中的讲者进行比较，找出需要改进的地方。
  5. 完成视频后，尝试用自己的话总结内容，确保你能够以流利的英语表达出主题的要点。

运用这些方法，你将能够更有效地进行英语影子跟读，提升你的语言能力。记住，规律的练习将使你在学习过程中受益匪浅，成为更自信的英语交流者。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。