跟读练习: What Is The Universe? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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28 句
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1
The universe, informally, means everything there is.
2
Mountains and oceans and the moon and hot nuclear balls of hydrogen.
3
And a whole lot more.
4
But if the universe is everything, does that mean it includes the things that we don't know that we don't know exist?
5
Or even the things that we believe exist but haven't yet seen or observed?
6
For example, is the future a part of the universe?
7
In physics, we usually distinguish between these two notions of universe as, one, the observable universe, which is everything whose existence we've thus far been able to confirm or observe,
8
or could in principle observe if we pointed our telescopes at it, and two, the universe with a capital U, or the whole universe, which is everything that exists,
9
has existed, or will exist, anytime, anywhere, regardless of whether or not we're aware of it yet, or ever will be.
10
Of course, the main reason for this distinction is so
11
that we can talk scientifically about parts of the universe we haven't yet been able to observe, and the two biggest reasons we might not have been able
12
to observe a piece of the universe yet are either it's in the future, or it's so far away that light from it hasn't had time to reach us. Yet.
13
To explain, as far as we know, the universe had a beginning, and is now around 13.8 billion years old.
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Light takes time to travel through space, so anywhere too far away from us just isn't visible yet in the same way
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that thunder from a distant lightning strike isn't audible.
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Until you wait long enough.
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If you were blind, the thunder would be the first sign you have of the storm's existence, though once you hear it, you can infer that the storm must have existed all along.
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So within the observable universe, what do we know exists?
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Pretty much just three things – spacetime, particles, and the physical laws that describe how spacetime
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and those particles interact to give rise to gravity and matter and forces and everything else.
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It's open for debate whether or not mathematics is a part of the universe
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or if it exists outside the universe in some sort of mathematical heavens.
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But if you think that mathematics exists, and if the universe is everything that exists, then, well, I'll leave that up to you.
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There's one other thing, though.
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You may have heard of parallel universes, or multiverses, an idea proposed by researchers or sci-fi fanatics
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that perhaps what we think of as the universe is actually just a small piece of a larger thing
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which is really everything there is.
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But that's another verse of the story.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“What Is The Universe?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：universe, exist, observe。 这段视频共有 28 个句子、452 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:13。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 203 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 13 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| observe 动词 | /əbˈzɜːv/ | 遵守, 遵循 |
| spacetime 名词 | /ˈspeɪsˌtaɪm/ | 時空 /时空 |
| particle 名词 | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | 粒子 |
| audible 形容词 | /ˈɔ.dɪ.bəl/ | 聽得見的 /听得见的 |
| fanatic 名词 | /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ | 狂熱分子 /狂热分子, 擁躉 /拥趸 |
| multiverse 名词 | /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/ | 多元宇宙 |
| scientifically 副词 | /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/ | 科学的 |
| telescope 名词 | /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ | 望遠鏡 /望远镜 |
| distinguish 动词 | /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ | 區別 /区别, 辨別 /辨别 |
| researcher 名词 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 研究員 /研究员, 研究者 |
| hydrogen 名词 | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | 氫 /氢 |
| propose 动词 | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | 提議 /提议 |
| interact 动词 | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | 互動 /互动 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果 | If you were blind, the thunder would be |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has existed · hasn't had |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | universe, which is |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, haven't, isn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- 长单词——注意重音位置: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, scientifically /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, multiverse /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/, multiverse /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/, telescope /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 observe, spacetime, particle 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。