跟讀練習: What Is The Universe? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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28 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
The universe, informally, means everything there is.
2
Mountains and oceans and the moon and hot nuclear balls of hydrogen.
3
And a whole lot more.
4
But if the universe is everything, does that mean it includes the things that we don't know that we don't know exist?
5
Or even the things that we believe exist but haven't yet seen or observed?
6
For example, is the future a part of the universe?
7
In physics, we usually distinguish between these two notions of universe as, one, the observable universe, which is everything whose existence we've thus far been able to confirm or observe,
8
or could in principle observe if we pointed our telescopes at it, and two, the universe with a capital U, or the whole universe, which is everything that exists,
9
has existed, or will exist, anytime, anywhere, regardless of whether or not we're aware of it yet, or ever will be.
10
Of course, the main reason for this distinction is so
11
that we can talk scientifically about parts of the universe we haven't yet been able to observe, and the two biggest reasons we might not have been able
12
to observe a piece of the universe yet are either it's in the future, or it's so far away that light from it hasn't had time to reach us. Yet.
13
To explain, as far as we know, the universe had a beginning, and is now around 13.8 billion years old.
14
Light takes time to travel through space, so anywhere too far away from us just isn't visible yet in the same way
15
that thunder from a distant lightning strike isn't audible.
16
Until you wait long enough.
17
If you were blind, the thunder would be the first sign you have of the storm's existence, though once you hear it, you can infer that the storm must have existed all along.
18
So within the observable universe, what do we know exists?
19
Pretty much just three things – spacetime, particles, and the physical laws that describe how spacetime
20
and those particles interact to give rise to gravity and matter and forces and everything else.
21
It's open for debate whether or not mathematics is a part of the universe
22
or if it exists outside the universe in some sort of mathematical heavens.
23
But if you think that mathematics exists, and if the universe is everything that exists, then, well, I'll leave that up to you.
24
There's one other thing, though.
25
You may have heard of parallel universes, or multiverses, an idea proposed by researchers or sci-fi fanatics
26
that perhaps what we think of as the universe is actually just a small piece of a larger thing
27
which is really everything there is.
28
But that's another verse of the story.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“What Is The Universe?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：universe, exist, observe。 這段影片共有 28 個句子、452 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 2:13。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 203 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 13 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| observe 動詞 | /əbˈzɜːv/ | 遵守, 遵循 |
| spacetime 名詞 | /ˈspeɪsˌtaɪm/ | 時空 /時空 |
| particle 名詞 | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | 粒子 |
| audible 形容詞 | /ˈɔ.dɪ.bəl/ | 聽得見的 /聽得見的 |
| fanatic 名詞 | /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ | 狂熱分子 /狂熱分子, 擁躉 /擁躉 |
| multiverse 名詞 | /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/ | 多元宇宙 |
| scientifically 副詞 | /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/ | 科學的 |
| telescope 名詞 | /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ | 望遠鏡 /望遠鏡 |
| distinguish 動詞 | /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ | 區別 /區別, 辨別 /辨別 |
| researcher 名詞 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 研究員 /研究員, 研究者 |
| hydrogen 名詞 | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | 氫 /氫 |
| propose 動詞 | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | 提議 /提議 |
| interact 動詞 | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | 互動 /互動 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 條件句 if + 從句，will/would + 動詞 — 條件及其結果 | If you were blind, the thunder would be |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has existed · hasn't had |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | universe, which is |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 10 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, haven't, isn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, scientifically /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, multiverse /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/, multiverse /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/, telescope /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 observe, spacetime, particle 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。