Prática de Shadowing: What Is The Universe? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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The universe, informally, means everything there is.
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Mountains and oceans and the moon and hot nuclear balls of hydrogen.
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And a whole lot more.
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But if the universe is everything, does that mean it includes the things that we don't know that we don't know exist?
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Or even the things that we believe exist but haven't yet seen or observed?
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For example, is the future a part of the universe?
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In physics, we usually distinguish between these two notions of universe as, one, the observable universe, which is everything whose existence we've thus far been able to confirm or observe,
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or could in principle observe if we pointed our telescopes at it, and two, the universe with a capital U, or the whole universe, which is everything that exists,
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has existed, or will exist, anytime, anywhere, regardless of whether or not we're aware of it yet, or ever will be.
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Of course, the main reason for this distinction is so
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that we can talk scientifically about parts of the universe we haven't yet been able to observe, and the two biggest reasons we might not have been able
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to observe a piece of the universe yet are either it's in the future, or it's so far away that light from it hasn't had time to reach us. Yet.
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To explain, as far as we know, the universe had a beginning, and is now around 13.8 billion years old.
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Light takes time to travel through space, so anywhere too far away from us just isn't visible yet in the same way
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that thunder from a distant lightning strike isn't audible.
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Until you wait long enough.
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If you were blind, the thunder would be the first sign you have of the storm's existence, though once you hear it, you can infer that the storm must have existed all along.
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So within the observable universe, what do we know exists?
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Pretty much just three things – spacetime, particles, and the physical laws that describe how spacetime
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and those particles interact to give rise to gravity and matter and forces and everything else.
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It's open for debate whether or not mathematics is a part of the universe
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or if it exists outside the universe in some sort of mathematical heavens.
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But if you think that mathematics exists, and if the universe is everything that exists, then, well, I'll leave that up to you.
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There's one other thing, though.
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You may have heard of parallel universes, or multiverses, an idea proposed by researchers or sci-fi fanatics
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that perhaps what we think of as the universe is actually just a small piece of a larger thing
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which is really everything there is.
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But that's another verse of the story.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “What Is The Universe?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: universe, exist, observe. Este vídeo tem 28 frases e 452 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:13. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 203 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| observe verbo | /əbˈzɜːv/ | seguir, acompanhar |
| observable adjetivo | /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ | observável |
| spacetime substantivo | /ˈspeɪsˌtaɪm/ | espaço-tempo |
| particle substantivo | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | partícula |
| audible adjetivo | /ˈɔ.dɪ.bəl/ | audível |
| fanatic substantivo | /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ | fanático, fanática |
| informally advérbio | informalmente | |
| multiverse substantivo | /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/ | multiverso |
| scientifically advérbio | /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/ | cientificamente |
| telescope substantivo | /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ | telescópio |
| distinguish verbo | /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ | distinguir |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
| hydrogen substantivo | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | hidrogênio, hidrogénio |
| propose verbo | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | propor |
| mathematical adjetivo | /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | matemático |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Frases condicionais if + oração, will/would + verbo — uma condição e seu resultado | If you were blind, the thunder would be |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | universe, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, haven't, isn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, scientifically /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/, telescope /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/, audible /ˈɔ.dɪ.bəl/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como observe, observable, spacetime.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.