跟读练习: Class Notes: What Does a Conductor Do? - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Hello and welcome to NPR's Class Notes.
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I'm Alison Young.
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Have you ever wondered what a musical conductor actually does?
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Well, I certainly have.
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And today, that's exactly what we're going to look at.
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Bye.
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- Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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This person is called the conductor.
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The conductor is the person who keeps all the musicians of the orchestra and their different instruments together and on track.
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But a conductor does much more than that.
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What do the arm waving and all those other gestures mean?
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You might even wonder why a conductor is needed in the first place.
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If the musicians in an orchestra know the music in front of them and are following the score,
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Can't they just perform on their own?
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Today we're going to meet a conductor and learn what she does.
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Her name is Sarah Hicks, and she's led some of the best professional and student orchestras in the world.
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She'll help us understand what's behind a conductor's leadership
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and how the back and forth she has with the musicians on stage creates great music.
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Hi everyone and welcome.
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I'm Sarah Hicks and when I'm conducting an orchestra there are
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so many things that I have to know and feel all at the same time.
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First and foremost, I have to know the music inside and out what the notes are, how fast or slow they are, how soft or loud they are,
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and how they all add up together to create phrases and melodies.
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I also need to know the instruments the musicians are playing, what they sound like by themselves, what they sound like together, and what the effect is on me and the audience.
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In an orchestra, there are four families of instruments.
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the woodwinds, the brass, the percussion, and the strings.
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And since they're not all playing together at the same time, I need to know how to cue instruments to bring them in.
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Also important to know is the rhythm of the music, the time signature, Is it in 2 -2?
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Is it in 3 -4?
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Is it in 4 -4?
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My gestures tell the musicians what to do.
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And finally, since musicians are spread across the stage, I need to know how to get their attention all at the same time so we can start together.
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And when the music is ending, how to stop together.
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Let's talk about time signature here.
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So that music you just heard was by Engelbert Humperdinck from his opera Hansel and Gretel.
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It was in 4 /4.
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So let me do it again and I want you to watch my hands.
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One.
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Two three, four, one, Two.
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3. Four.
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You want to try it all together?
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Yeah!
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So take your right hand.
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I'll take my left hand.
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We're going to start up here.
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are gonna go Down, to the left, to the right, A.
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Down?
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Across, across, across.
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Oh!
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One two, three, Four, and that's your four, four pattern.
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Let's try one more beat pattern, this time not 4 /4, but 3 /4.
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And this is music from the Concerto 4 Orchestra by the Polish composer Witold Ludoslawski.
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Did you notice a different beat pattern?
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So instead of four beats, there are three beats.
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And it looks something like this.
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One.
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Two.
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3 One to Three.
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Want to try that?
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Yeah!
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Take your right hand, my left hand, down to the right, Ah.
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Down.
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Right?
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Up.
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One, two, three.
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And that's your three four beat.
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It's fun, isn't it?
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Yeah.
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But remember, as a conductor, everyone's eyes are always on you.
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And the musicians are counting on you to keep the time and to keep them together, and also to help them express what the music's all about.
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- So does anyone have any questions?
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Yes, Gaby.
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How does the conductor show the orchestra when to play loud or soft?
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Two ways.
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I can make them play loud by making my gestures bigger.
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and soft by making my gestures smaller.
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Or I can raise my arm, or lower my arm.
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Yes, Olivia.
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How does the conductor show the orchestra how to play fast or slow?
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Well, I show them with the speed of my beat.
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I can start at one tempo, and then I can speed up my beat to make them faster.
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or slow down my bead to make them slower, and they'll follow me.
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Henry.
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How do you let musicians know when to start playing?
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I usually give them a cue.
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sometimes with my hand, sometimes with my finger, and sometimes if I know they're going to be too loud, with my whole hand like this.
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Sala!
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Who's your favorite composer to conduct and why?
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It changes every day.
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Sometimes it's Mozart because I love his precision, sometimes it's Mahler because he's so emotional, and sometimes it's Leonard Bernstein because he's bubbly and boisterous.
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Yes, Gaby.
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What made you decide you wanted to be a conductor?
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Well, I was a concert pianist when I was in my teenage years.
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I hurt my hands and so couldn't play the piano, but my dad told me you can still hold a stick.
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And so I started conducting when I was 17.
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Thank you.
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So now you know the conductor is not just some funny or unnecessary person waving their arms around.
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They're actually the leader.
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They guide the musicians to play together and make the best music they can.
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背景與脈絡

在這段視頻中，主持人艾莉森·楊介紹了一位非常特別的音樂指揮，莎拉·希克斯。她不僅是一位專業的指揮，還帶領了世界上一些最優秀的樂團和學生交響樂團。這段視頻深入探討了指揮在音樂演出中扮演的關鍵角色，解釋了他們如何引導樂手，並使樂曲完美呈現。通過莎拉的解說，我們可以了解到指揮需要具備的音樂知識，以及她與樂手之間的互動如何促進出色的音樂創作。

日常交流中的五大短語

  • 指揮 (conductor) - 指揮是引導樂團演奏的核心人物。
  • 音符 (notes) - 樂曲的基本單位，每首曲子由不同的音符組成。
  • 節奏 (rhythm) - 音樂的時間結構，指揮根據節奏來引導演奏。
  • 樂器家 (musicians) - 樂隊的成員，擁有不同的樂器，協作演出。
  • 音量 (volume) - 樂曲的強度，指揮需要調整音量來達到演出效果。

逐步影子跟讀指南

如果你想利用這段視頻來提升你的英语影子跟读技巧，可以遵循以下步驟：

  1. 觀看視頻：首先，完整觀看視頻，以了解指揮的基本概念和音樂術語。
  2. 模仿語音：在觀看的同時，嘗試跟著莎拉的聲音來發音，注意她的語調和情感。
  3. 分段練習：將視頻內容分段，每次專注於一小段，確保掌握每個短語的用法。
  4. 反覆練習：重複每段的跟讀，使用shadowspeak技術，幫助你建立語音的流暢度。
  5. 即時回饋：錄下自己的跟讀並回放，對比莎拉的發音，找到改進的地方。

通過這些策略，你不僅能夠提升你的口語能力，還能更好地理解音樂和指揮的藝術。這段視頻不僅是學習英語的工具，也是探索音樂世界的入口。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →