Практика Shadowing: Class Notes: What Does a Conductor Do? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Hello and welcome to NPR's Class Notes.
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I'm Alison Young.
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Have you ever wondered what a musical conductor actually does?
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Well, I certainly have.
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And today, that's exactly what we're going to look at.
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Bye.
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- Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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This person is called the conductor.
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The conductor is the person who keeps all the musicians of the orchestra and their different instruments together and on track.
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But a conductor does much more than that.
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What do the arm waving and all those other gestures mean?
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You might even wonder why a conductor is needed in the first place.
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If the musicians in an orchestra know the music in front of them and are following the score,
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Can't they just perform on their own?
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Today we're going to meet a conductor and learn what she does.
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Her name is Sarah Hicks, and she's led some of the best professional and student orchestras in the world.
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She'll help us understand what's behind a conductor's leadership
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and how the back and forth she has with the musicians on stage creates great music.
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Hi everyone and welcome.
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I'm Sarah Hicks and when I'm conducting an orchestra there are
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so many things that I have to know and feel all at the same time.
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First and foremost, I have to know the music inside and out what the notes are, how fast or slow they are, how soft or loud they are,
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and how they all add up together to create phrases and melodies.
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I also need to know the instruments the musicians are playing, what they sound like by themselves, what they sound like together, and what the effect is on me and the audience.
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In an orchestra, there are four families of instruments.
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the woodwinds, the brass, the percussion, and the strings.
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And since they're not all playing together at the same time, I need to know how to cue instruments to bring them in.
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Also important to know is the rhythm of the music, the time signature, Is it in 2 -2?
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Is it in 3 -4?
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Is it in 4 -4?
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My gestures tell the musicians what to do.
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And finally, since musicians are spread across the stage, I need to know how to get their attention all at the same time so we can start together.
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And when the music is ending, how to stop together.
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Let's talk about time signature here.
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So that music you just heard was by Engelbert Humperdinck from his opera Hansel and Gretel.
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It was in 4 /4.
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So let me do it again and I want you to watch my hands.
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One.
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Two three, four, one, Two.
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3. Four.
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You want to try it all together?
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Yeah!
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So take your right hand.
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I'll take my left hand.
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We're going to start up here.
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are gonna go Down, to the left, to the right, A.
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Down?
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Across, across, across.
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Oh!
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One two, three, Four, and that's your four, four pattern.
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Let's try one more beat pattern, this time not 4 /4, but 3 /4.
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And this is music from the Concerto 4 Orchestra by the Polish composer Witold Ludoslawski.
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Did you notice a different beat pattern?
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So instead of four beats, there are three beats.
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And it looks something like this.
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One.
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Two.
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3 One to Three.
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Want to try that?
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Yeah!
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Take your right hand, my left hand, down to the right, Ah.
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Down.
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Right?
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Up.
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One, two, three.
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And that's your three four beat.
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It's fun, isn't it?
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Yeah.
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But remember, as a conductor, everyone's eyes are always on you.
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And the musicians are counting on you to keep the time and to keep them together, and also to help them express what the music's all about.
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- So does anyone have any questions?
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Yes, Gaby.
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How does the conductor show the orchestra when to play loud or soft?
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Two ways.
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I can make them play loud by making my gestures bigger.
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and soft by making my gestures smaller.
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Or I can raise my arm, or lower my arm.
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Yes, Olivia.
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How does the conductor show the orchestra how to play fast or slow?
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Well, I show them with the speed of my beat.
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I can start at one tempo, and then I can speed up my beat to make them faster.
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or slow down my bead to make them slower, and they'll follow me.
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Henry.
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How do you let musicians know when to start playing?
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I usually give them a cue.
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sometimes with my hand, sometimes with my finger, and sometimes if I know they're going to be too loud, with my whole hand like this.
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Sala!
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Who's your favorite composer to conduct and why?
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It changes every day.
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Sometimes it's Mozart because I love his precision, sometimes it's Mahler because he's so emotional, and sometimes it's Leonard Bernstein because he's bubbly and boisterous.
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Yes, Gaby.
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What made you decide you wanted to be a conductor?
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Well, I was a concert pianist when I was in my teenage years.
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I hurt my hands and so couldn't play the piano, but my dad told me you can still hold a stick.
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And so I started conducting when I was 17.
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Thank you.
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So now you know the conductor is not just some funny or unnecessary person waving their arms around.
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They're actually the leader.
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They guide the musicians to play together and make the best music they can.
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Почему стоит практиковать разговорный английский с помощью этого видео?

Практика разговорного английского с видео о дирижёре может значительно повысить ваши навыки общения. Во время просмотра вы знакомитесь с новой лексикой и фразами, используемыми в контексте музыки и дирижирования. Это видео предоставляет возможность не только услышать, как правильно произносить слова, но и понять, как они звучат в живом взаимодействии с музыкантами. Благодаря контексту, который создаётся в диалогах, вы сможете улучшить свои навыки восприятия и реагирования на английском языке, что является важным аспектом в практике разговорного английского.

Грамматика и выражения в контексте

  • Использование настоящего времени: Ведущая говорит о своих обязанностях и знаниях, например: “I have to know the music inside and out.” Это помогает понять, как использовать настоящее время для описания текущих действий и обязанностей.
  • Вопросительные конструкции: Вопросы типа “What does a conductor do?” способствуют пониманию того, как формировать вопросы в английском языке.
  • Числовые выражения: Тема тактовых размеров (“Is it in 2-2? Is it in 3-4?”) показывает, как использовать номера и обозначения для объяснения музыкальной структуры, что может быть полезно и в других темах.

Общие трудности произношения

В видео встречаются некоторые слова и конструкции, которые могут вызвать сложности в произношении. Например, термин “conductor” может произноситься с разными ударениями в зависимости от акцента. Другими трудными словами являются “orchestra” и “musicians”, где важно обращать внимание на слоги и ударения. Чтобы улучшить произношение английского, можно использовать технику shadow speaking — повторение за спикером. Это поможет вам не только научиться правильно произносить слова, но и воспринимать разговорный ритм на слух.

Практикуя английский с помощью видео, вы можете улучшить свои навыки коммуникации и стать уверенными в своих способностях общаться на английском языке в разных контекстах. Не забывайте использовать техники shadow speech для создания естественного звучания вашей речи!

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетis called · is needed · are spread
Превосходная степень the -est / the most … — самое большое или малое в группеthe best
Глагол + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — глаголы, после которых идёт форма на -ingstart playing · started conducting
Present Continuous am/is/are + -ing — то, что происходит сейчас или в эти дниare following · I'm conducting · are playing

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →