跟读练习: Ethical Principles in Nursing | NCLEX Study Tips | NurseInTheMaking - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hey there, it's Christine from Nurse in the Making, and today we're going to talk about ethical principles.
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This is a very common topic tested on the NCLEX and in your fundamentals class.
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So let's look at the seven ethical principles you need to know.
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The first one is autonomy, and this is respecting a patient's values and beliefs.
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A patient has the right to choice and self -determination.
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It's the idea that a patient holds the right to make their own healthcare decisions
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and has the right to make all choices in their care.
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You can remember this by the memory trick autonomy think all by myself.
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I have the right to make my own decisions.
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An example of autonomy would be a patient refusing treatment
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because every patient has the legal right to refuse a surgical procedure or treatment if they are deemed medically stable.
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In other words, they have autonomy over themselves and their healthcare choices.
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The next one is beneficence.
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This is always doing good for the patient and acting with compassion.
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The nurse should always choose the good for each patient.
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You can remember this because beneficence looks like benefit, and benefit means good.
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An example of this would be holding a patient's hand who is on hospice care and wants someone close to them.
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We're doing good for our patient and acting with compassion.
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The next one is fidelity.
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This is where the nurse will remain loyal and faithful in their actions and care.
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They are keeping their promises and providing safe, well -intentioned care.
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You can remember this by the memory trick, fidelity, think faithful.
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An example of fidelity in healthcare would be telling your elderly patient you will bring them to the bathroom in 15 minutes,
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and you act faithfully to your statement.
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You're not just saying things to leave the room.
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Again, fidelity is being loyal and faithful in your actions.
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Accountability.
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The nurse will take responsibility for all their actions.
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They are accountable for their errors or mistakes.
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You can remember this by the memory trick, accountability, think I'm accountable for my actions.
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An example of this would be when a nurse makes a medication error, they're going to take responsibility for it and not try to hide it.
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Again, we're accountable for our actions.
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The next one is justice.
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Just means fair and justice means equal care will be delivered to all patients.
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You can remember this by the memory trick, I just want fair care for all.
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An example of justice is caring for each patient the same regardless of their background, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, or history.
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Again, equal care will be delivered to all.
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The next ethical principle is non -maleficence.
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Another way to say this is do no harm.
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The nurse should not inflict any harm on any patient.
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This could include intentional or unintentional harm.
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You can remember this by the memory trick.
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Non means none and mal means bad.
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So in other words, do no bad or do no harm.
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An example of non -maleficence is when a nurse stops administering a medication that is known to be harmful.
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Another example is not administering aspirin to a patient with a known allergy to aspirin.
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This is why you as a nurse should do multiple checks before administering to avoid a medication error
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that could harm your patient.
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Again, this is intentional or unintentional harm.
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The next ethical principle is veracity.
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This is being entirely honest with the patient at all times.
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You can remember this by the memory trick, veracity, think very honest.
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An example of this is simply not lying to your patients.
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If a patient is taking a medication with a known adverse side effect and the patient asks, does this medication have side effects?
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You as a nurse need to be very honest and tell them the known side effects.
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Okay, let's do a practice question to test your knowledge.
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Which of the following is the correct understanding of nursing ethical principles?
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Pause the video and comment your answer below.
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Justice is telling the client the truth that the medication can cause a rash.
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Autonomy is requiring the patient to have an advanced directive.
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Fidelity is staying with a patient during their death as promised.
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Beneficence is not telling the client they have cancer because that was the family's wishes.
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Justice is telling the client the truth that the medication can cause a rash.
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Telling the client the truth is veracity, not justice.
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Remember, veracity, think very honest.
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So this one is not correct.
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Autonomy is requiring the client to have an advanced directive.
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Requiring is not autonomy.
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This is a tricky one because, well, the NCLEX is tricky.
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Having an advanced directive is a patient's right, but requiring a patient to have one is taking their autonomy away from them.
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So this is not correct.
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Fidelity is staying with a patient during their death as promised.
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Yeah, this sounds like fidelity.
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Remember, fidelity think faithful.
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This is the correct one, but let's look at option four to make sure.
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Beneficence is not telling the client they have cancer because that was the family's wishes.
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This is taking away the patient's autonomy.
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Beneficence means doing good, but this statement takes away the patient's autonomy because they have the right to know their medical diagnoses.
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For more daily NCLEX practice questions like this, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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Let's do a quick review of the seven ethical principles.
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Autonomy means the right to make your own decisions.
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Remember, autonomy, think all by myself.
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Beneficence means doing right or doing good.
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Remember, that sounds like benefit, which is a good thing.
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Fidelity means remaining loyal and faithful.
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Fidelity, think faithful.
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Next is accountability, which means responsible for all my actions.
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Think accountability, I am accountable for my actions.
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Justice means equal care.
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Remember, I just want fair care for all.
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Non -maleficence means do no harm.
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Non means none and mal means bad.
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Last but not least, we have veracity, which means remaining honest at all times.
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Veracity, think very honest.
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That's all for the seven ethical principles you need to know for the NCLEX.
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Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel and ring the bell to be notified for more nursing school content.
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Happy studying, future nurses!
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Ethical Principles in Nursing”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：patient, autonomy, fidelity, nurse, example。 这段视频共有 98 个句子、1059 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:49。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 155 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| nurse 名词 | /nɝs/ | 護士 /护士, 看護 /看护 |
| autonomy 名词 | /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/ | 自治 |
| fidelity 名词 | /fᵻˈdɛlədi/ | 逼真度, 保真度 |
| harm 名词 | /hɑːm/ | 損害 /损害 |
| principle 名词 | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | 原理, 原則 /原则 |
| medication 名词 | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | 藥物 /药物 |
| ethical 形容词 | /ˈɛθɪkəl/ | 道德的 |
| trick 名词 | /ˈtɹɪk/ | 詭計 /诡计, 騙術 /骗术 |
| faithful 形容词 | /ˈfeɪθ.fl̩/ | 忠實 /忠实 |
| accountable 形容词 | /əˈkaʊntəbl̩/ | 有責任的 /有责任的, 有解說義務的 /有解说义务的 |
| loyal 形容词 | /ˈlɔɪəl/ | 忠誠 /忠诚, 忠貞 /忠贞 |
| directive 名词 | /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ | 指示 |
| administer 动词 | /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/ | 管理 |
| refuse 动词 | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | 拒絕 /拒绝, 回絕 /回绝 |
| subscribe 动词 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 簽署 /签署 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are deemed · will be delivered · is known |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | benefit, which is · accountability, which means · veracity, which means |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, don't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, faithful /ˈfeɪθ.fl̩/, ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəli/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, rash /ɹæʃ/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: autonomy /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, accountability /əˌkaʊn.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/, administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: directive /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/, adverse /ˈæd.və(ɹ)s/, veracity /vəˈɹæ.sə.ti/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: nurse /nɝs/, trick /ˈtɹɪk/, directive /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, regardless /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd.lɪs/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 nurse, autonomy, fidelity 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。