跟读练习: How I Survived Late-Stage Cancer (A Fun Story) - 通过视频学习英语口语

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This is not a sad story.

Going through chemotherapy was one of the most interesting experiences of my life, and my most vivid memory is very funny.

In 2018, I was being treated for stage 3b testicular cancer that had metastasized into a few lymph nodes in my lung.

Very serious business, unfortunately.

Boys and men, check your testicles tonight.

One day, my doctor was about to punish my body with a fresh dose of cisplatin, a cytotoxic hazardous chemotherapy agent,

one of the absolutely worst ones.

Controlled medical violence.

The villain and hero of this story.

My buddy cisplatin came in a green, opaque 2 -liter bag directly from the fridge.

The doctor connected the infusion to the central venous access in my chest, a tube that led directly to my heart.

But then… A short moment of inattention and disaster struck.

A single drop of the icy liquid escaped.

She panicked for a second, checking frantically if the liquid had landed on her doubly -gloved hands or her skin.

But luckily, it had missed.

I had to laugh at the scene.

My doctor, who I trusted deeply, was terrified of a single drop of cisplatin.

And I was about to have a whole bag flushed directly into my heart

so it would spread to every last nook and cranny of my body.

And then again tomorrow.

Yeah, sure, let's go.

But seriously, how absurd is it that this stuff is medicine?

So let me tell you the story of a revolutionary chemical

that was almost discarded as a failure because it was too brutal, too toxic, too dangerous.

A molecule that punched me in the face and wrecked my body, and then saved my life and millions more.

Cisplatin, the super toxic wonder drug.

Cisplatin is a heavy metal compound, a tiny molecule with a platinum atom at its center that looks like a quadcopter.

Its success story, like many medical breakthroughs, began with an accident.

In the 1960s, physicist Barnett Rosenberg wanted to see if he could manipulate living beings with electricity and learn interesting things,

because why not?

Well, it turns out electricity did nothing, but instead he found something huge.

The bacteria in a solution with platinum electrodes turned into spaghetti, 300 times longer, but way more important, they stopped multiplying.

It turned out platinum molecules did that.

At the time, chemotherapy was gaining popularity as a treatment for cancer.

Any chemical that stopped cell division was a potential candidate.

Rosenberg felt like he should inject cisplatin into mice with cancer to see what happened, because why not?

And, oh boy, did things happen.

While high doses turned out to be deadly to the poor rodents, On lower doses, their tumors shrank, didn't come back, and the mice survived.

Until they were cut open to make sure, of course.

But it would be a pretty rocky path from mice to human medical trials.

Many experts were skeptical.

Heavy metals are notoriously toxic and not worth the risk.

But Rosenberg kept pushing and lobbying, at one point calling drug developers weakly until cisplatin was finally tested in humans.

And, well, things went horribly.

Cisplatin was used on a wide variety of patients with different cancer types.

Not only did the heavy metal not really slow down most cancers, it kind of killed some patients.

In early studies, up to 75 % of patients got severe kidney damage.

It's hard to prove if that's what killed them, though, as they were already dying of cancer.

And then, an astonishing study rocked the medical world.

11 patients with advanced testicular cancer, the most common cancer among young men, received cisplatin.

Six responded somewhat and three went into complete remission.

In more human words, they were cured.

This was unheard of.

Until this moment, metastatic testicular cancer was super deadly.

95 % of all men who got it died.

Three out of 11 recoveries, from the very late stage no less, was a medical breakthrough.

Another one made cisplatin finally bearable.

A new protocol of massive over -hydration.

Basically, the patient would be flooded with liters and liters of fluid to flush the cisplatin out of the kidneys.

If you're wondering, yes, this means that you pee all day and night.

The game for test it.

Cancer flipped.

Today it has a 95 % survival rate, even when it's spread widely across the body already.

And platinum drugs are a backbone of a large fraction of chemotherapies of all kinds.

Okay, but what does cisplatin actually do that makes it so effective against testicular cancer in particular?

What cisplatin actually does inside your body?

Cisplatin can be injected into a central venous access, a sort of hub that can be inserted easily and leads straight into the heart,

which means that it's immediately and rapidly distributed.

Because cisplatin is served ice cold, you feel it spread all over your body, cooling you from the inside.

Pretty weird sensation.

The immediate effect is nothing much.

In the first few hours, about 90 % of the cisplatin molecule binds to the plasma of your blood and is for now inactive.

Over the next few days, it's slowly being released from the plasma and showers your body with a constant barrage of poison.

All while your kidneys are working at maximum capacity to remove it from your body as quickly as they can

so you can pee it out.

The 10 % cisplatin that doesn't bind to plasma passes from your blood into your tissue and organs, where it finally enters your cells.

The membranes of cells are well -protected fortresses that carefully monitor who's allowed in, but they can't stop cisplatin.

It simply diffuses into the cell, with some of it even actively hauled in.

Inside the cell, it sheds its chloride ions and connects to water molecules, like a grenade ejecting its safety.

Cisplatin is now chemically active.

Again, this should trigger emergency protocols, but thanks to its tininess, the poison escapes detection and passes through another line of defense,

the nucleus, home of your DNA.

Here, it finally causes catastrophic damage.

Your DNA is a 2 -meter -long zipper, bundled up neatly and orderly.

Cisplatin is like chewing gum that gets inside zipper teeth and hardens, clumping up parts that don't belong together.

This is an emergency because it critically interrupts the cell's ability to read and copy DNA.

Your cell is now on an urgent timer.

Fix this or die.

Repair molecules spring into action but the chaos and damage is severe and very hard to fix.

Cells that don't need to divide quickly, say in your muscles, can slow down their metabolism, stop replicating and start repairing.

Bit by bit they fix the genetic damage, removing the cisplatin.

They'll mostly be fine.

But there are cells that need to replicate quickly.

The cells that make your hair grow, the lining of your gut, the taste buds of your tongue,

your bone marrow that makes red and white blood cells.

All of them are factories producing new cells constantly and they now have a fundamental problem.

Their internal replication clock doesn't stop.

Their DNA needs to be copied, and right now, this is not possible.

So if the damage is too heavy, apoptosis is triggered.

100

Programmed cell death.

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If a cell thinks it's damaged too much and destroys itself, this means it's working as intended.

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It sacrifices itself to protect the larger whole.

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And now, this is happening all over your body.

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Billions of cells start dying, creating all the side effects of chemotherapy therapy.

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Which is the point, because your cancer cells are extremely not ready for any of this.

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As we have explained in detail before, cancer cells are broken cells.

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In a nutshell, their self -destruction button is broken, they are really bad at fixing their own genetic damage and they literally can't slow down.

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The reason cisplatin is so incredibly effective against testicular cancer is

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because it has an unusual vulnerability that other cancer types don't have.

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Most testicular cancer cells are born from germ cells.

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Specialists made for the reproduction of the whole gigantic organism.

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Reproduction is the whole point for all living things so the responsibility is huge.

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For germ cells the integrity of their DNA is a critical priority.

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Even small mistakes could introduce genetic damage into the bloodline and weaken it.

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So they constantly scan themselves and tolerate almost no errors.

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When cisplatin wrecks their DNA, testicular cancer cells still remember their original purpose of protecting genetic integrity and destroy themselves,

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thinking they're preventing damaged material being passed on to the next generation.

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Your tumors collapse no matter where in the body cancer cells have escaped to.

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And this is what happened inside my body.

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Over the span of just six weeks, the chemo completely eliminated a cancer that would have been a death sentence a few decades earlier.

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The lymph nodes full of cancer were completely dissolved.

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A bit of scar tissue remains in my lung.

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The side effects were not fun, and I'll spare you the details.

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But I want you to know that just in the last few years, drugs against chemo side effects have improved massively.

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They made the experience bearable.

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The anti -nausea drugs worked so well, I didn't have to vomit once.

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If you ever have to go through the same treatment for testicular cancer, please know that you can do it.

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Just take it day by day.

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My cancer has not returned since.

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Final thoughts At no point of this entire ordeal did I hate my cancer cells.

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It wasn't their fault that they were broken, and they didn't know better.

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But it also didn't matter.

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Cancer never wins because it can't live without you.

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Either you both die, or you live.

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Eight years have passed since my meeting with Cisplatin.

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Human brains determine your happiness by comparing your life to your past.

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I remember one specific day in early fall, sitting in a cafe in Munich.

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My hair was coming back, and my sense of taste had finally fully returned.

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Feeling the sun while having the most delicious croissant and cappuccino of my life, waiting for a close friend to join me.

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A sensation of immense gratitude filled my body and has remained with me ever since.

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I'm not grateful for having had cancer, not even a little, But I'm grateful for how it changed my outlook on life.

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For me, the best way to process this extreme emotional whiplash was to learn more about my body.

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This is why Kurzgesagt is obsessed with disease videos.

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Why I wrote a book about the immune system.

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To make disease and medicine less mysterious.

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To learn how we're inching relentlessly towards a world where we will be able to cure all diseases.

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Cisplatin did cure me.

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It would have been nice if it could have done so without kicking me in the face repeatedly.

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But oh well, it did save my life.

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This strange, wonderful, horrible substance.

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Thanks, Sisplatin.

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I hope we never meet again.

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Kurzgesagt isn't just a YouTube channel.

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It's a complex company with multiple departments, an online shop, accounting, logistics, dozens of employees, and a whole lot of unsexy paperwork.

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Even in less eventful times, that's a lot to juggle.

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Let's take a concrete example.

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Spend less time on the tedious stuff and more time on what you love.

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171

Every year we celebrate innovation, ingenuity and life itself with our human era calendar.

172

This time we honor the dark tales and legends that helped our ancestors make sense of the world before science.

173

Twelve breathtaking artworks of humanity's most curious legends will inspire you throughout the year

174

and take you on a journey through forgotten worlds and human imagination.

175

It's an eye -catcher for any room and a conversation starter, but also a statement for science and human craft.

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The calendar is our most cherished release every year.

177

By buying it and other products from our shop, you fund our independent channels and help us release videos for free for everyone.

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Thank you so much.

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Get your human era calendar from the Kurzgesagt shop.

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You want to listen to the beautiful soundtrack without my annoying voice?

181

Hmm, well it's up to you.

182

Just select the audio track Interlingua down here, and watch the video again as a music video.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“How I Survived Late-Stage Cancer”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：cisplatin, cancer, cell, testicular。这段视频共有 154 个句子、2199 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 14:36。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 151 个词，接近日常对话。只有 79% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
chemotherapy 名词	/ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/	化療 /化疗, 化學療法 /化学疗法
molecule 名词	/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/	分子
platinum 名词	/ˈplæt.ɪn.əm/	白金, 鉑 /铂
cure 动词	/kjɔː/	治療 /治疗
mouse 名词	/maʊs/	лочў, 鳥鼠 /鸟鼠
toxic 形容词	/ˈtɒk.sɪk/	有毒的
dose 名词	/ˈdəʊ̯s/	劑量 /剂量, (一)劑 /剂
kidney 名词	/ˈkɪdni/	腎臟 /肾脏, 腎 /肾
plasma 名词	/ˈplæzmə/	等離子體 /等离子体
legend 名词	/ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənd/	傳說 /传说
liquid 名词	/ˈlɪk.wɪd/	液體 /液体, 液態 /液态
grateful 形容词	/ˈɡɹeɪtf(ə)l/	感激, 感謝 /感谢
tissue 名词	/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/	纸巾
trigger 名词	/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/	扳機 /扳机
integrity 名词	/ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/	正直

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
slow down 动词	減速 /减速, 放慢
come back 动词	回來 /回来, 返回
go through 动词	通過 /通过
turn out 动词	原來 /原来

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	being treated · were cut · was finally tested
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have explained · have escaped · have improved

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 18 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, didn't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, breathtaking /ˈbɹɛθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, sensation /sɛnˈseɪʃən/, flush /ˈflʌʃ/, reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/
长单词——注意重音位置: chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, integrity /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/, reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: inventory /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, actively /ˈæktɪvli/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, mouse /maʊs/, toxic /ˈtɒk.sɪk/, dose /ˈdəʊ̯s/, legend /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənd/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, grateful /ˈɡɹeɪtf(ə)l/, protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 chemotherapy, molecule, platinum 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: How I Survived Late-Stage Cancer (A Fun Story) - 通过视频学习英语口语

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