跟读练习: Motion - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Movement is obviously a big part of films.
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However, since storyboards and concept paintings are still images, they have to suggest movement to help tell a story.
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In this video, we'll look how to create the illusion of movement in still images, focusing on two specific techniques, motion lines and line of action.
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Motion lines extend from an object along its pathway of motion to make it appear like it's moving.
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If I was drawing a car on a racetrack, I might add some lines like this.
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The line of action is a little bit different.
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Think of this as an imaginary line that runs down the spine of a character, which indicates the force and movement in that moment.
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We use this line to imply movement by guiding the pose of the character, or in some cases, other objects.
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Check this out.
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Notice we can feel movement even though the drawing is static?
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Now let's look at the UP storyboards and concept art with motion in mind.
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The previous panel we've been looking at from UP, where we see the house taking off for the first time through a city, there's a lot of things about this composition that really help us feel.
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Like even though these are static shapes that typically in our world wouldn't move on their own, suggest a sense of movement with this house.
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That directional of the balloons fanning up helps pull the house upwards.
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The shape of the house itself with a triangle pointing upwards helps move the house upwards.
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The framing devices that are happening in the background actually help move the house through the panel as well.
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As the trees go from medium to large size, they pull our eye forward.
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And then if you look at the house, it's not quite vertical.
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It's slightly askew, which shows that it's different than all the other surroundings.
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Because the fact that it's flying, but also it's like a character in itself.
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So there's like a slightly implied movement of going upwards and to the right.
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One of the fun things we are sort of experimenting with with Ellie is even though you see her here, she's drawn with hands on hips, firmly painted on the ground, we wanted her energy to just feel like it was pointing upwards.
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So we use these curves, which are sort of pointing you upwards.
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We wanted it to sort of play in contrast to Carl, who has become even more square and even more hunkered down.
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We wanted you to feel like age is just taking its toll on him.
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He's become this sort of grumpy old man who's now burdened and sort of locked in and just anchored to the floor.
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I really like the movement in this image because it's very simple.
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It's like a really easy thing to do, but sometimes it gets overcomplicated.
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If you look at McQueen here, you see how these tires are slightly diagonal, which makes him feel like he's leaning to the right,
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as well as like this bottom here.
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And then the overall line of action is a diagonal line going that way.
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And then this car is back here's line is going that way as well.
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And it just makes it feel like they're actually moving forward in space.
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As well as the speed lines, which are always like a really quick and easy way to indicate movement in storyboarding.
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And if you look at this guy back here, he's a little bit slower than these other two.
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He's not quite as competitive in this moment as they are.
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He's more examining about what's going on and admiring the competition between them.
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So if you check him out, his line of action is more of a vertical line.
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Like even the tires are very straight, which really contrasts what they're doing here.
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So this set of images from Brave are great.
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The character designer was exploring how Mom Bear would move as soon as she turns into Bear.
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And of course, she was a woman who doesn't know how big she is now.
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She's this gigantic bear.
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And this is something really important when we create characters, the line of action.
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It's this through line that goes from the top of the bottom of the character
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that kind of tells you what the gesture and implies the movement that the character might have.
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Mom Bear is not very graceful yet.
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She doesn't quite know what to do with her body.
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She doesn't know how to move, and she's a little bit off balance.
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Now, a little bit later, when Monbert finds her footing, she becomes really graceful.
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You look at these pictures, and you can just see this beautiful line of action through the body of Monbert.
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She seems like she moves in a very graceful way.
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And I really love that kind of simplicity of design that we see in these pictures.
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As we've just seen, we can create a sense of motion with motionless images by thinking about the direction
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and the quality of our lines, as well as the pose of the character and the objects within the frame.
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In the next exercise, you'll have a chance to explore motion in more depth.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
视频中反复出现的词有：movement, character, upwards, motion, action。 这段视频共有 56 个句子、880 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:41。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 188 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| graceful 形容词 | /ˈɡɹeɪsfʊl/ | 優雅 /优雅, 優美 /优美 |
| storyboard 名词 | 分鏡圖 /分镜图, 分鏡 /分镜 | |
| imply 动词 | /ɪmˈplaɪ/ | 意味着 |
| diagonal 形容词 | /daɪ̯ˈæɡ(ə)nəl/ | 對角 /对角 |
| tire 动词 | /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ | 勞累 /劳累, 累 |
| vertical 形容词 | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | 豎的 /竖的, 垂直 |
| grumpy 形容词 | /ˈɡɹʌmpi/ | 性情乖戾的 |
| hunker 动词 | /ˈhʌŋkɚ/ | 蹲下 |
| racetrack 名词 | /ˈɹeɪsˌtɹæk/ | 跑馬場 /跑马场, 跑道 |
| gigantic 形容词 | /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/ | 巨大的 |
| surroundings 名词 | /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/ | 周圍 /周围 |
| imaginary 形容词 | /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/ | 幻想 |
| gesture 名词 | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | 手勢 /手势, 姿勢 /姿势 |
| balloon 名词 | /bəˈlun/ | 氣球 /气球 |
| triangle 名词 | /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/ | 三角, 三角形 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | curves, which are · diagonal, which makes · lines, which are |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has become · we've just seen |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, they're, we've。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: directional /dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/, motionless /ˈmoʊʃənlɛs/, illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: diagonal /daɪ̯ˈæɡ(ə)nəl/, directional /dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, curve /kɚv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: upwards /ˈʌpwɚdz/, static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, pose /poʊz/, motionless /ˈmoʊʃənlɛs/, racetrack /ˈɹeɪsˌtɹæk/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: graceful /ˈɡɹeɪsfʊl/, directional /dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/, triangle /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 graceful, storyboard, imply 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。