跟读练习: Story spine - 通过视频学习英语口语
正在创建课程...
1
Hi, I'm Derek Thompson, and I'm a story artist here at Pixar.
2
I'll be your host for this third lesson on storytelling, which is focused on story structure.
3
And I'm joined by some colleagues.
4
My name is James Robertson and I'm a story artist at Pixar.
5
My name is Mary Coleman and I'm the head of creative development.
6
I'm Kevin O 'Brien and I'm a story artist.
7
My name is Robert Graham Jones and I'm an editor here at Pixar.
8
Remember in lesson one when Val told us that in simplest terms a story is a series of events.
9
It begins...
10
something happens... And it ends.
11
But between the beginning and end of a story many things will happen.
12
The ordering of these events, known as the structure, can have a dramatic impact on how an audience responds to a story.
13
Let's get a little bit more detail about structure from our Pixar friends.
14
I think about story structure as pouring the foundation for a building
15
and that if you don't have that solid concrete foundation
16
to support the pillars and the struts and all the weight -bearing elements of the building the whole thing can collapse.
17
So, I think that it's essential and I remember interviewing writer Mike Garn, we were talking about the importance of dialogue because I loved his dialogue in Little Miss Sunshine.
18
And he said, "Well, dialogue is just wallpaper." And I thought, "Really?
19
Your dialogue's amazing." And he said, "If you put the wallpaper up, "but the wall's in the wrong place, then it was a complete waste of your time.
20
You may gain something very valuable from just sitting down and just writing a story from the beginning,
21
but to me It's important to structure your story like when you give a speech.
22
you tell the audience, what you're going to tell them, Then you tell them And then you wrap it up and you you remind them of what they've just been told.
23
When you are just starting a story, it can seem daunting to figure out how everything will fit together, or how a story should flow.
24
So it's helpful to find simple ways to think this through.
25
One way to do this is by coming up with the most important moments in your story, which we call story beats.
26
This is the first of many bits of terminology we're going to introduce throughout this lesson.
27
It's helpful to know these words, but don't let them overwhelm you.
28
You can always refer to the glossary at the bottom of this lesson if you want a refresher.
29
Beats are the kinds of things you'd mention if you described what had happened yesterday in 30 seconds.
30
So when we are trying to define our story beats, let's say we're writing up a beat outline, or putting index cards on a wall with distinct beats,
31
we try to challenge ourselves not to get into detailed plot, but to identify the beats based on whether the protagonist is making a clear decision,
32
right or wrong, or there's a clear cause and effect so that, you know, A happens and therefore B happens, so that it drives the story.
33
Like, a character walks across the street, as a beat they stop to pick up a thing as a beat, and they almost get hit by a car, which is a beat.
34
In Toy Story 2, when Buzz Lightyear discovers that there is in fact another Buzz Lightyear,
35
when he looks at the whole array of toys, That is a story beat.
36
Buzz has realized there is another Buzz in the world.
37
And the reason that's important in the process is that if you get too caught up in the plot details, the how of it instead of the what's happening,
38
you can lose track of the thread, of the structure.
39
The beats are building that structure.
40
Another way to think about this is using something called a story spine, which was popularized by improv instructor Ken Adams.
41
he noticed that most stories can fit into the following simple pattern.
42
Let's try to fit one of our films into this story spine.
43
I was thinking about finding Nemo.
44
Once upon a time, there was a fish named Marlin, who loved his son Nemo more than anything.
45
And every day, Marlin tried to protect Nemo from the ocean, which he feared.
46
Until one day, Nemo was taken away by a scuba diver.
47
And because of this, Marlon had to leave the safety of his home reef in order to find his son.
48
And because of that, Marlin ran into sharks, jellyfish, and other dangers.
49
And because of that, Marlon was forced to take a leap of faith Until finally, Marlin learned to let go of his fear and trust
50
that Nemo had what it takes to free Dory from the fishing net.
51
Ever since that day, Marlin gave his son Nemo the space he needed to learn on his own.
52
And the moral of the story is, parents need to let go in order for their kids to grow up.
53
Notice how the story spine allows us to compress a complex film into a series of simple beats.
54
In the next exercise, you'll have a chance to try this out.
55
You can fit your three favorite films into the story spine, as well as generate spines for stories you may want to create.
📺 同频道
B22
Motion
Business EnglishUniversity Students
B14
Video 2: Shape
Business EnglishUniversity Students
B110
Pixar in a Box: Character Development
Business EnglishHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B210
Story Structure: Advice
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B226
Video 5: Advice for storytellers
Business EnglishHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B29
Character: Advice
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B218
VIdeo 4: World & Character
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
B28
Story Structure: Act 2
Business EnglishUniversity Students
B253
Characters: Internal vs. external features
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B253
Pixar in a Box: Story Structure
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B28
Story Structure: Act 1
Business EnglishUniversity Students
B213
Pixar in a Box: The Art of Lighting
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C112
Video 1: We are all storytellers
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B211
Story Structure: Act 3
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B238
Character: Wants vs. needs
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C19
Video 2: Your favourite stories
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B17
Pixar in a Box: Visual Language
Business EnglishHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B29
Character: Stakes
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B225
Character: Obstacles
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
B27
Character arc
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
✨ 推荐视频
B21
49 句
Learn UX Storyboarding in 5 Minutes: w/ Steps and Examples | UXtweak
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B267 句
How I Ranked 1st at Cambridge University - My Secret
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2364 句
The Neuroscience of Addictive Storytelling (And How to Master It)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
133 句
The Art of Cinematic Composition
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
64 句
Walk Me Through Your Resume: How to Answer
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
B29
48 句
4 Fundamentals to Smart Speaking | Matt Abrahams (Key Points Talk)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
166 句
How to Create Viral AI Storytelling Shorts
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
136 句
This Story Will Change How You See Your Flaws | Nobody is Perfect | Zarqan Tales
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
111 句
how to edit vlogs
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
249 句
9.9k
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 55 个句子、904 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:12。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 174 个词，接近日常对话。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| spine 名词 | /spaɪn/ | 骨幹 /骨干, 脊骨 |
| lesson 名词 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 課業 /课业, -課 /-课 |
| dialogue 名词 | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | 對話 /对话, 會話 /会话 |
| helpful 形容词 | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | 有幫助 /有帮助 |
| wallpaper 名词 | /ˈwɔːlˌpeɪpə/ | 壁紙 /壁纸, 牆紙 /墙纸 |
| element 名词 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| moral 形容词 | /ˈmoɹəl/ | 道德的 |
| refer 动词 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /谈到 |
| concrete 形容词 | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | 切實的 /切实的, 具體的 /具体的 |
| thread 名词 | /ˈθɹɛd/ | 線 /线 |
| dramatic 形容词 | /dɹəˈmætɪk/ | 戲劇的 /戏剧的 |
| discover 动词 | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | 發現 /发现, 發覺 /发觉 |
| introduce 动词 | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | 介紹 /介绍, 紹介 /绍介 |
| remind 动词 | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | 提醒 |
| define 动词 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| come up with 动词 | 想出, 提出 |
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 |
| grow up 动词 | 長大 /长大 |
| pick up 动词 | 拾取, 撿 /捡 |
| sit down 动词 | 坐下, 坐 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is focused · been told · was popularized |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | storytelling, which is · car, which is · spine, which was |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | they've just been told · has realized |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 17 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'm, don't, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, thud /ˈθʌd/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/, refresher /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃɚ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: terminology /ˌtɝ.məˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, protagonist /pɹəˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 spine, lesson, dialogue 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。