Shadowing Practice: Story spine - Learn English Speaking with Video
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55 משפטים
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Hi, I'm Derek Thompson, and I'm a story artist here at Pixar.
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I'll be your host for this third lesson on storytelling, which is focused on story structure.
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And I'm joined by some colleagues.
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My name is James Robertson and I'm a story artist at Pixar.
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My name is Mary Coleman and I'm the head of creative development.
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I'm Kevin O 'Brien and I'm a story artist.
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My name is Robert Graham Jones and I'm an editor here at Pixar.
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Remember in lesson one when Val told us that in simplest terms a story is a series of events.
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It begins...
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something happens... And it ends.
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But between the beginning and end of a story many things will happen.
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The ordering of these events, known as the structure, can have a dramatic impact on how an audience responds to a story.
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Let's get a little bit more detail about structure from our Pixar friends.
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I think about story structure as pouring the foundation for a building
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and that if you don't have that solid concrete foundation
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to support the pillars and the struts and all the weight -bearing elements of the building the whole thing can collapse.
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So, I think that it's essential and I remember interviewing writer Mike Garn, we were talking about the importance of dialogue because I loved his dialogue in Little Miss Sunshine.
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And he said, "Well, dialogue is just wallpaper." And I thought, "Really?
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Your dialogue's amazing." And he said, "If you put the wallpaper up, "but the wall's in the wrong place, then it was a complete waste of your time.
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You may gain something very valuable from just sitting down and just writing a story from the beginning,
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but to me It's important to structure your story like when you give a speech.
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you tell the audience, what you're going to tell them, Then you tell them And then you wrap it up and you you remind them of what they've just been told.
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When you are just starting a story, it can seem daunting to figure out how everything will fit together, or how a story should flow.
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So it's helpful to find simple ways to think this through.
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One way to do this is by coming up with the most important moments in your story, which we call story beats.
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This is the first of many bits of terminology we're going to introduce throughout this lesson.
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It's helpful to know these words, but don't let them overwhelm you.
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You can always refer to the glossary at the bottom of this lesson if you want a refresher.
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Beats are the kinds of things you'd mention if you described what had happened yesterday in 30 seconds.
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So when we are trying to define our story beats, let's say we're writing up a beat outline, or putting index cards on a wall with distinct beats,
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we try to challenge ourselves not to get into detailed plot, but to identify the beats based on whether the protagonist is making a clear decision,
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right or wrong, or there's a clear cause and effect so that, you know, A happens and therefore B happens, so that it drives the story.
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Like, a character walks across the street, as a beat they stop to pick up a thing as a beat, and they almost get hit by a car, which is a beat.
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In Toy Story 2, when Buzz Lightyear discovers that there is in fact another Buzz Lightyear,
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when he looks at the whole array of toys, That is a story beat.
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Buzz has realized there is another Buzz in the world.
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And the reason that's important in the process is that if you get too caught up in the plot details, the how of it instead of the what's happening,
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you can lose track of the thread, of the structure.
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The beats are building that structure.
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Another way to think about this is using something called a story spine, which was popularized by improv instructor Ken Adams.
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he noticed that most stories can fit into the following simple pattern.
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Let's try to fit one of our films into this story spine.
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I was thinking about finding Nemo.
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Once upon a time, there was a fish named Marlin, who loved his son Nemo more than anything.
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And every day, Marlin tried to protect Nemo from the ocean, which he feared.
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Until one day, Nemo was taken away by a scuba diver.
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And because of this, Marlon had to leave the safety of his home reef in order to find his son.
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And because of that, Marlin ran into sharks, jellyfish, and other dangers.
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And because of that, Marlon was forced to take a leap of faith Until finally, Marlin learned to let go of his fear and trust
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that Nemo had what it takes to free Dory from the fishing net.
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Ever since that day, Marlin gave his son Nemo the space he needed to learn on his own.
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And the moral of the story is, parents need to let go in order for their kids to grow up.
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Notice how the story spine allows us to compress a complex film into a series of simple beats.
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In the next exercise, you'll have a chance to try this out.
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You can fit your three favorite films into the story spine, as well as generate spines for stories you may want to create.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
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Video 2: Shape
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Pixar in a Box: Character Development
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Story Structure: Advice
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Character: Advice
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VIdeo 4: World & Character
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Story Structure: Act 2
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Characters: Internal vs. external features
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Motion
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Story Structure: Act 1
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Pixar in a Box: The Art of Lighting
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Video 1: We are all storytellers
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Story Structure: Act 3
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Character: Wants vs. needs
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Character: Stakes
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Character: Obstacles
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Character arc
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Video 3: What if?
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Video 2: Your favourite stories
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 55 sentences and 904 words to shadow. The speech runs for 5:12. The speaker talks at a natural 174 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 82% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| spine noun | /spaɪn/ | A series of bones situated at the back from the head to the pelvis of a human, or from the head to the tail of an animal, enclosing the spinal cord and… |
| lesson noun | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided. |
| dialogue noun | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals. |
| helpful adjective | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | Furnishing help; giving aid; useful. |
| wallpaper noun | /ˈwɔːlˌpeɪpə/ | Decorative paper-like material used to cover the inner walls of buildings. |
| element noun | /ˈɛləmənt/ | One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. |
| moral adjective | /ˈmoɹəl/ | Of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour, especially conforming to principles of rectitude. |
| refer verb | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | To direct the attention of (someone toward something). |
| concrete adjective | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | Real, actual, tangible. |
| thread noun | /ˈθɹɛd/ | A cord formed by spinning or twisting together textile fibers or filaments into one or more continuous strands, typically used in needlework. |
| dramatic adjective | /dɹəˈmætɪk/ | Of or relating to the drama. |
| discover verb | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | To find or learn something for the first time. |
| introduce verb | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else). |
| remind verb | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person). |
| define verb | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| come up with verb | To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it. | |
| figure out verb | To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce. | |
| fit together verb | To put the appropriate parts of (something) into a whole; to combine pieces that go together to create a finished object. | |
| grow up verb | To mature and become an adult. | |
| pick up verb | To lift; to grasp and raise. | |
| sit down verb | To assume a sitting position from a standing position. | |
| take away verb | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | To remove something and put it in a different place. |
| write up verb | /ˈɹaɪ̯t ˌʌp/ | To produce by writing. |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | been told · was popularized · was taken |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | storytelling, which is · car, which is · spine, which was |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | they've just been told · has realized |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 17 contractions and reduced forms, such as I'm, don't, we're. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, thud /ˈθʌd/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/, refresher /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃɚ/
- Long words — get the stress right: terminology /ˌtɝ.məˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, protagonist /pɹəˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like spine, lesson, dialogue.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.