跟读练习: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - 通过视频学习英语口语

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the generation we are born into impacts every aspect of our life.

Think about that, y'all.

It impacts our attitudes, our values, our economic conditions, our opportunities, even our well-being.

Some people have challenged this idea.

How so?

Yeah.

Well, I think pretty much everyone agrees that growing up now, living now, is completely different from what it was like to live 100 years ago.

or 50 years ago, even 20 years ago.

There's just so many changes in technology and the way that we led, the way that we relate to each other and everything else.

Where you get the challenges is people say, well, why are we putting people into these arbitrary 15 to 20 year groups?

Well, because that's really an easier way to study people.

Otherwise, how would we have the language?

Would we have to say each individual birth year or people born in the 70s?

And there are some reasons to group people that way.

it allows us to just understand more about each other, which is really the point, you know, not to point fingers or stereotype, but to try to understand each other better.

That's why I got into doing this in the first place.

Okay, so you write about a phenomenon called the slow life strategy.

What is that?

Yeah, so it explains so much about how things have changed over the generations.

So when you have a society that's just more technologically complex, people live longer because we have better medical care,

And then education takes longer to finish.

So it slows down the whole life cycle.

Like not day to day, but in terms of years.

That people take longer to grow up and longer to grow old.

So in childhood, kids are less independent.

Teenagers are now much less likely than, say, Gen X was at the same age to have a driver's license.

Or to have a paid job.

They're less likely.

Yes.

Much less likely.

And why is that?

That they're less likely?

That's what I hear.

The teenagers now don't have driver's license.

That's right.

...nor care about driving.

Right.

And why is that?

Well, there's a couple reasons.

So one is the parties on Snapchat or Instagram, but that's one element.

Yeah.

But it is also this slow-life strategy.

They just are not as eager to do adult things in the way

that Gen Xers or even millennials were at the same age.

They look at having a driver's license and they're like, you know.

Oh, see, I thought it was because of Uber.

Well, until really recently, you couldn't take Uber until you were 18.

Plus, we see the decline in driver's licenses, even in rural areas where Uber isn't around.

Uber's expensive, too.

So, and it's also not just the driver's license.

They're less likely to have a paid job.

They're less likely to go out on dates.

They're less likely to drink alcohol.

So nobody's getting jobs at 15 and 16 anymore?

Not as much.

Yeah.

Not as much.

It's much less common.

So all of those adult things, those happen later.

So they're just taking longer to do those things.

That's why it's called the slow life strategy.

Yeah, that's right.

And then it shows up in young adulthood, too.

There's this reluctance to you become an adult.

It's now a verb adulting right and that's

and nobody ever says adulting for all the fun things about

being an adult like being independent it's things like doing laundry

and paying your bills yeah there's that focus on oh that's no fun

but just on the practical matter young adults um take longer

to settle into a career to get married to have children

but it goes on because middle-aged people look

and feel younger than their parents

or grandparents did at the same age thank god for hair

color yeah it's actually biomarkers too they've looked at it

and we actually are younger than a few decades ago it's

not just hair color yeah no it isn't noah efron once said

that hair color is the greatest gift ever given to women

that lady clara yeah yeah it is it made a huge difference

because you know it just did yeah yeah

and i will always color my hair i will be in the the casket, colored.

Oh God.

So, so go ahead.

Yeah.

So that's middle age.

And then just as people get older, they enjoy more years of health and more years of life.

Yeah.

And so all of that has contributed to the slow life strategy.

Yeah.

So Amanda Schneider is a researcher and writer and her upcoming book is called Work for What's Next?

Why Workplace Culture is Failing and How the Next Generation Can Fix It.

Welcome, Amanda.

Thank you.

So I'm so happy that we're having this conversation because I hear all the time the,

you know, differences between the generations in the workplace.

And you say work is broken.

How so?

So I think we are actually changing the vernacular when we think about work.

And I think, unfortunately, right now, we're focused on the wrong problem.

When we hear people talk about work today in the media, especially it's around return to office, but we can't fix a how problem with a where solution.

100

Bringing them back won't matter if there's a problem with how we're working.

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So the next generations who are naturally digital first, meaning they see the world through a digital mindset,

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can really help us figure out how to evolve work for this digital era, meaning blending physical and digital work.

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Right.

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And so I know that some Gen Zers say that they've gotten a bad rap.

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Do you think Gen Zers have gotten a bad rap in the workplace?

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Definitely.

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Definitely.

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People say they don't want to work as hard as their parents.

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Yeah.

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Uh, they demand work-life balance.

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Yeah.

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Uh, and believe in, don't really believe in loyalty to the company.

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Are those generalizations true?

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They're true, but there's another perspective there.

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Okay, what is it?

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So if we want to look at their perspective, we have to understand how they think.

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And I think that we have to do more to bring these generations together.

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So if I had to summarize kind of what's shifting, work used to be a noun.

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And I think some older generations think about work as a physical place.

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Meaning when my dad said he was going to work, it meant he was physically taking his bag and he was going to an office, right?

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Yes.

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Yes.

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When these younger generations think I'm going to work, if you look at how my kids hear me when I I say I'm going to work, it means I'm going to open my laptop somewhere.

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Might be at an office, might be at home, might be somewhere in between.

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That's a fundamental difference in the way we perceive the languaging of it.

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I think it's a fundamental difference in how these different generations see the world.

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Okay.

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And so to fix work, we're going to have to really understand and fix the systems that are evolving from a noun to a verb.

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Jean, you even write that Jinzy is skeptical for the need for hierarchy in the workplace.

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You call this flattening.

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Explain what that is.

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Yeah.

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So it goes along with individualism, just more focus on the self and less on others.

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It's been another big change in the culture over the years that shaped generations.

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So in the workplace, it just means a lot less hierarchy.

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And we've seen this across many decades, that it used to be people would call their boss by their last name, you know, Mr. Jones, Ms. Patel, right?

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And now it's Mike or Priya, you call them by the first name.

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Sometimes you might even call them bro, if you're in Gen Z.

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Yeah, really.

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Just much more casual.

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And we see this in dress.

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You call your boss bro?

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I don't.

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Yeah.

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But you would call you some people call their bosses.

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My kids probably will.

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My kids call me bro.

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Okay.

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All right.

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I am from San Diego.

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Okay.

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Explain some of it.

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Okay.

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Yeah.

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But it comes out in dress too

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that it used to be people would wear suits to work and really dress up to work.

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And then it was, oh, in the 90s we had casual Friday and now every day is casual Friday.

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Yeah.

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And again, for my kids, maybe people looking at them, I'm kind of wondering if in the future people end up at work wearing pajama pants.

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Maybe we're already there.

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Yeah, I think we are already there.

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And it also just comes in how people relate to each other.

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That it used to be much more common for bosses just to tell employees, okay, this is what you're going to do, and they would go and do it.

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And now it's much more of a team mentality and much more of the manager working with people

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rather than ordering them around

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and talking more about why we're doing what we're doing

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and why it's important rather than just go do this because that's what I told you to do.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：generation, likely, longer。这段视频共有 167 个句子、1551 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 8:14。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 188 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 88% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
workplace 名词	/ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/	工作場所 /工作场所, 職場 /职场
noun 名词	/naʊn/	名詞 /名词
verb 名词	/vɝb/	動詞 /动词
hierarchy 名词	/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/	等級制度 /等级制度, 階層 /阶层
teenager 名词	/ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/	少年, 青少年
flatten 动词	/ˈflæ.tən/	壓平 /压平, 壓扁 /压扁
grandparent 名词	/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/	祖父母
individualism 名词	/ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/	個人主義 /个人主义
reluctance 名词	/ɹɪˈlʌktəns/	勉强
stereotype 名词	/ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/	刻板印象
summarize 动词	/ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/	摘要, 總結 /总结
vernacular 名词	/vɚˈnækjəlɚ/	白話 /白话
adulthood 名词		成年
skeptical 形容词	/ˈskɛptɪkəl/	持有怀疑的
perceive 动词	/pɚˈsiv/	察覺 /察觉, 感知

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
grow up 动词		長大 /长大
figure out 动词		弄清楚
go ahead 动词	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	請便 /请便
slow down 动词		減速 /减速, 放慢

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：

Otherwise, how would we have the language?
There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
You call your boss bro?

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
“used to” used to + 动词 — 过去的习惯或状态，现在已不再如此	used to be
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have challenged · have changed · they've looked
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	are born · is called · is broken

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 34 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 they're, we're, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。

长单词——注意重音位置: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, millennial /mɪˈlɛn.ɪ.əl/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: verb /vɝb/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/, verb /vɝb/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, casket /ˈkæs.kɪt/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, laundry /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 workplace, noun, verb 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - 通过视频学习英语口语

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

视频中出现的短语动词

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中的语法

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？