跟讀練習: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - 通過影片學習英語口語

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the generation we are born into impacts every aspect of our life.

Think about that, y'all.

It impacts our attitudes, our values, our economic conditions, our opportunities, even our well-being.

Some people have challenged this idea.

How so?

Yeah.

Well, I think pretty much everyone agrees that growing up now, living now, is completely different from what it was like to live 100 years ago.

or 50 years ago, even 20 years ago.

There's just so many changes in technology and the way that we led, the way that we relate to each other and everything else.

Where you get the challenges is people say, well, why are we putting people into these arbitrary 15 to 20 year groups?

Well, because that's really an easier way to study people.

Otherwise, how would we have the language?

Would we have to say each individual birth year or people born in the 70s?

And there are some reasons to group people that way.

it allows us to just understand more about each other, which is really the point, you know, not to point fingers or stereotype, but to try to understand each other better.

That's why I got into doing this in the first place.

Okay, so you write about a phenomenon called the slow life strategy.

What is that?

Yeah, so it explains so much about how things have changed over the generations.

So when you have a society that's just more technologically complex, people live longer because we have better medical care,

And then education takes longer to finish.

So it slows down the whole life cycle.

Like not day to day, but in terms of years.

That people take longer to grow up and longer to grow old.

So in childhood, kids are less independent.

Teenagers are now much less likely than, say, Gen X was at the same age to have a driver's license.

Or to have a paid job.

They're less likely.

Yes.

Much less likely.

And why is that?

That they're less likely?

That's what I hear.

The teenagers now don't have driver's license.

That's right.

...nor care about driving.

Right.

And why is that?

Well, there's a couple reasons.

So one is the parties on Snapchat or Instagram, but that's one element.

Yeah.

But it is also this slow-life strategy.

They just are not as eager to do adult things in the way

that Gen Xers or even millennials were at the same age.

They look at having a driver's license and they're like, you know.

Oh, see, I thought it was because of Uber.

Well, until really recently, you couldn't take Uber until you were 18.

Plus, we see the decline in driver's licenses, even in rural areas where Uber isn't around.

Uber's expensive, too.

So, and it's also not just the driver's license.

They're less likely to have a paid job.

They're less likely to go out on dates.

They're less likely to drink alcohol.

So nobody's getting jobs at 15 and 16 anymore?

Not as much.

Yeah.

Not as much.

It's much less common.

So all of those adult things, those happen later.

So they're just taking longer to do those things.

That's why it's called the slow life strategy.

Yeah, that's right.

And then it shows up in young adulthood, too.

There's this reluctance to you become an adult.

It's now a verb adulting right and that's

and nobody ever says adulting for all the fun things about

being an adult like being independent it's things like doing laundry

and paying your bills yeah there's that focus on oh that's no fun

but just on the practical matter young adults um take longer

to settle into a career to get married to have children

but it goes on because middle-aged people look

and feel younger than their parents

or grandparents did at the same age thank god for hair

color yeah it's actually biomarkers too they've looked at it

and we actually are younger than a few decades ago it's

not just hair color yeah no it isn't noah efron once said

that hair color is the greatest gift ever given to women

that lady clara yeah yeah it is it made a huge difference

because you know it just did yeah yeah

and i will always color my hair i will be in the the casket, colored.

Oh God.

So, so go ahead.

Yeah.

So that's middle age.

And then just as people get older, they enjoy more years of health and more years of life.

Yeah.

And so all of that has contributed to the slow life strategy.

Yeah.

So Amanda Schneider is a researcher and writer and her upcoming book is called Work for What's Next?

Why Workplace Culture is Failing and How the Next Generation Can Fix It.

Welcome, Amanda.

Thank you.

So I'm so happy that we're having this conversation because I hear all the time the,

you know, differences between the generations in the workplace.

And you say work is broken.

How so?

So I think we are actually changing the vernacular when we think about work.

And I think, unfortunately, right now, we're focused on the wrong problem.

When we hear people talk about work today in the media, especially it's around return to office, but we can't fix a how problem with a where solution.

100

Bringing them back won't matter if there's a problem with how we're working.

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So the next generations who are naturally digital first, meaning they see the world through a digital mindset,

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can really help us figure out how to evolve work for this digital era, meaning blending physical and digital work.

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Right.

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And so I know that some Gen Zers say that they've gotten a bad rap.

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Do you think Gen Zers have gotten a bad rap in the workplace?

106

Definitely.

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Definitely.

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People say they don't want to work as hard as their parents.

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Yeah.

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Uh, they demand work-life balance.

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Yeah.

112

Uh, and believe in, don't really believe in loyalty to the company.

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Are those generalizations true?

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They're true, but there's another perspective there.

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Okay, what is it?

116

So if we want to look at their perspective, we have to understand how they think.

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And I think that we have to do more to bring these generations together.

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So if I had to summarize kind of what's shifting, work used to be a noun.

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And I think some older generations think about work as a physical place.

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Meaning when my dad said he was going to work, it meant he was physically taking his bag and he was going to an office, right?

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Yes.

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Yes.

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When these younger generations think I'm going to work, if you look at how my kids hear me when I I say I'm going to work, it means I'm going to open my laptop somewhere.

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Might be at an office, might be at home, might be somewhere in between.

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That's a fundamental difference in the way we perceive the languaging of it.

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I think it's a fundamental difference in how these different generations see the world.

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Okay.

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And so to fix work, we're going to have to really understand and fix the systems that are evolving from a noun to a verb.

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Jean, you even write that Jinzy is skeptical for the need for hierarchy in the workplace.

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You call this flattening.

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Explain what that is.

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Yeah.

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So it goes along with individualism, just more focus on the self and less on others.

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It's been another big change in the culture over the years that shaped generations.

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So in the workplace, it just means a lot less hierarchy.

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And we've seen this across many decades, that it used to be people would call their boss by their last name, you know, Mr. Jones, Ms. Patel, right?

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And now it's Mike or Priya, you call them by the first name.

138

Sometimes you might even call them bro, if you're in Gen Z.

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Yeah, really.

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Just much more casual.

141

And we see this in dress.

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You call your boss bro?

143

I don't.

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Yeah.

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But you would call you some people call their bosses.

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My kids probably will.

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My kids call me bro.

148

Okay.

149

All right.

150

I am from San Diego.

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Okay.

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Explain some of it.

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Okay.

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Yeah.

155

But it comes out in dress too

156

that it used to be people would wear suits to work and really dress up to work.

157

And then it was, oh, in the 90s we had casual Friday and now every day is casual Friday.

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Yeah.

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And again, for my kids, maybe people looking at them, I'm kind of wondering if in the future people end up at work wearing pajama pants.

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Maybe we're already there.

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Yeah, I think we are already there.

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And it also just comes in how people relate to each other.

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That it used to be much more common for bosses just to tell employees, okay, this is what you're going to do, and they would go and do it.

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And now it's much more of a team mentality and much more of the manager working with people

165

rather than ordering them around

166

and talking more about why we're doing what we're doing

167

and why it's important rather than just go do this because that's what I told you to do.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：generation, likely, longer。這段影片共有 167 個句子、1551 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 8:14。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 188 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 88% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
workplace 名詞	/ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/	工作場所 /工作場所, 職場 /職場
noun 名詞	/naʊn/	名詞 /名詞
verb 名詞	/vɝb/	動詞 /動詞
hierarchy 名詞	/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/	等級制度 /等級制度, 階層 /階層
teenager 名詞	/ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/	少年, 青少年
flatten 動詞	/ˈflæ.tən/	壓平 /壓平, 壓扁 /壓扁
grandparent 名詞	/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/	祖父母
individualism 名詞	/ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/	個人主義 /個人主義
reluctance 名詞	/ɹɪˈlʌktəns/	勉強
stereotype 名詞	/ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/	刻板印象
summarize 動詞	/ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/	摘要, 總結 /總結
vernacular 名詞	/vɚˈnækjəlɚ/	白話 /白話
adulthood 名詞		成年
skeptical 形容詞	/ˈskɛptɪkəl/	持有懷疑的
perceive 動詞	/pɚˈsiv/	察覺 /察覺, 感知

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
grow up 動詞		長大 /長大
figure out 動詞		弄清楚
go ahead 動詞	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	請便 /請便
slow down 動詞		減速 /減速, 放慢

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

Otherwise, how would we have the language?
There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
You call your boss bro?

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
“used to” used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態，現在已不再如此	used to be
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have challenged · have changed · they've looked
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are born · is called · is broken

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 34 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 they're, we're, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, millennial /mɪˈlɛn.ɪ.əl/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: verb /vɝb/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/, verb /vɝb/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, casket /ˈkæs.kɪt/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, laundry /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 workplace, noun, verb 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - 通過影片學習英語口語

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中出現的短語動詞

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中的語法

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？