쉐도잉 연습: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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the generation we are born into impacts every aspect of our life.
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Think about that, y'all.
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It impacts our attitudes, our values, our economic conditions, our opportunities, even our well-being.
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Some people have challenged this idea.
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How so?
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Yeah.
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Well, I think pretty much everyone agrees that growing up now, living now, is completely different from what it was like to live 100 years ago.
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or 50 years ago, even 20 years ago.
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There's just so many changes in technology and the way that we led, the way that we relate to each other and everything else.
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Where you get the challenges is people say, well, why are we putting people into these arbitrary 15 to 20 year groups?
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Well, because that's really an easier way to study people.
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Otherwise, how would we have the language?
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Would we have to say each individual birth year or people born in the 70s?
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And there are some reasons to group people that way.
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it allows us to just understand more about each other, which is really the point, you know, not to point fingers or stereotype, but to try to understand each other better.
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That's why I got into doing this in the first place.
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Okay, so you write about a phenomenon called the slow life strategy.
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What is that?
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Yeah, so it explains so much about how things have changed over the generations.
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So when you have a society that's just more technologically complex, people live longer because we have better medical care,
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And then education takes longer to finish.
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So it slows down the whole life cycle.
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Like not day to day, but in terms of years.
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That people take longer to grow up and longer to grow old.
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So in childhood, kids are less independent.
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Teenagers are now much less likely than, say, Gen X was at the same age to have a driver's license.
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Or to have a paid job.
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They're less likely.
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Yes.
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Much less likely.
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And why is that?
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That they're less likely?
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That's what I hear.
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The teenagers now don't have driver's license.
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That's right.
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...nor care about driving.
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Right.
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And why is that?
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Well, there's a couple reasons.
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So one is the parties on Snapchat or Instagram, but that's one element.
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Yeah.
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But it is also this slow-life strategy.
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They just are not as eager to do adult things in the way
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that Gen Xers or even millennials were at the same age.
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They look at having a driver's license and they're like, you know.
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Oh, see, I thought it was because of Uber.
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Well, until really recently, you couldn't take Uber until you were 18.
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Plus, we see the decline in driver's licenses, even in rural areas where Uber isn't around.
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Uber's expensive, too.
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So, and it's also not just the driver's license.
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They're less likely to have a paid job.
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They're less likely to go out on dates.
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They're less likely to drink alcohol.
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So nobody's getting jobs at 15 and 16 anymore?
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Not as much.
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Yeah.
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Not as much.
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It's much less common.
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So all of those adult things, those happen later.
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So they're just taking longer to do those things.
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That's why it's called the slow life strategy.
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Yeah, that's right.
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And then it shows up in young adulthood, too.
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There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
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It's now a verb adulting right and that's
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and nobody ever says adulting for all the fun things about
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being an adult like being independent it's things like doing laundry
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and paying your bills yeah there's that focus on oh that's no fun
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but just on the practical matter young adults um take longer
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to settle into a career to get married to have children
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but it goes on because middle-aged people look
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and feel younger than their parents
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or grandparents did at the same age thank god for hair
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color yeah it's actually biomarkers too they've looked at it
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and we actually are younger than a few decades ago it's
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not just hair color yeah no it isn't noah efron once said
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that hair color is the greatest gift ever given to women
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that lady clara yeah yeah it is it made a huge difference
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because you know it just did yeah yeah
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and i will always color my hair i will be in the the casket, colored.
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Oh God.
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So, so go ahead.
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Yeah.
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So that's middle age.
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And then just as people get older, they enjoy more years of health and more years of life.
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Yeah.
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And so all of that has contributed to the slow life strategy.
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Yeah.
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So Amanda Schneider is a researcher and writer and her upcoming book is called Work for What's Next?
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Why Workplace Culture is Failing and How the Next Generation Can Fix It.
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Welcome, Amanda.
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Thank you.
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So I'm so happy that we're having this conversation because I hear all the time the,
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you know, differences between the generations in the workplace.
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And you say work is broken.
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How so?
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So I think we are actually changing the vernacular when we think about work.
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And I think, unfortunately, right now, we're focused on the wrong problem.
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When we hear people talk about work today in the media, especially it's around return to office, but we can't fix a how problem with a where solution.
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Bringing them back won't matter if there's a problem with how we're working.
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So the next generations who are naturally digital first, meaning they see the world through a digital mindset,
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can really help us figure out how to evolve work for this digital era, meaning blending physical and digital work.
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Right.
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And so I know that some Gen Zers say that they've gotten a bad rap.
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Do you think Gen Zers have gotten a bad rap in the workplace?
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Definitely.
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Definitely.
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People say they don't want to work as hard as their parents.
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Yeah.
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Uh, they demand work-life balance.
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Yeah.
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Uh, and believe in, don't really believe in loyalty to the company.
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Are those generalizations true?
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They're true, but there's another perspective there.
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Okay, what is it?
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So if we want to look at their perspective, we have to understand how they think.
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And I think that we have to do more to bring these generations together.
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So if I had to summarize kind of what's shifting, work used to be a noun.
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And I think some older generations think about work as a physical place.
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Meaning when my dad said he was going to work, it meant he was physically taking his bag and he was going to an office, right?
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Yes.
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Yes.
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When these younger generations think I'm going to work, if you look at how my kids hear me when I I say I'm going to work, it means I'm going to open my laptop somewhere.
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Might be at an office, might be at home, might be somewhere in between.
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That's a fundamental difference in the way we perceive the languaging of it.
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I think it's a fundamental difference in how these different generations see the world.
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Okay.
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And so to fix work, we're going to have to really understand and fix the systems that are evolving from a noun to a verb.
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Jean, you even write that Jinzy is skeptical for the need for hierarchy in the workplace.
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You call this flattening.
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Explain what that is.
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Yeah.
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So it goes along with individualism, just more focus on the self and less on others.
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It's been another big change in the culture over the years that shaped generations.
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So in the workplace, it just means a lot less hierarchy.
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And we've seen this across many decades, that it used to be people would call their boss by their last name, you know, Mr. Jones, Ms. Patel, right?
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And now it's Mike or Priya, you call them by the first name.
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Sometimes you might even call them bro, if you're in Gen Z.
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Yeah, really.
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Just much more casual.
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And we see this in dress.
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You call your boss bro?
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I don't.
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Yeah.
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But you would call you some people call their bosses.
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My kids probably will.
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My kids call me bro.
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Okay.
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All right.
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I am from San Diego.
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Okay.
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Explain some of it.
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Okay.
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Yeah.
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But it comes out in dress too
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that it used to be people would wear suits to work and really dress up to work.
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And then it was, oh, in the 90s we had casual Friday and now every day is casual Friday.
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Yeah.
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And again, for my kids, maybe people looking at them, I'm kind of wondering if in the future people end up at work wearing pajama pants.
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Maybe we're already there.
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Yeah, I think we are already there.
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And it also just comes in how people relate to each other.
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That it used to be much more common for bosses just to tell employees, okay, this is what you're going to do, and they would go and do it.
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And now it's much more of a team mentality and much more of the manager working with people
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rather than ordering them around
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and talking more about why we're doing what we're doing
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and why it's important rather than just go do this because that's what I told you to do.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: generation, likely, longer. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 167개와 단어 1551개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:14입니다. 화자는 분당 약 188단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 88%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| workplace 명사 | /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/ | 직장, 일터 |
| noun 명사 | /naʊn/ | 명사 |
| verb 명사 | /vɝb/ | 동사 |
| hierarchy 명사 | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | 계층 |
| teenager 명사 | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | 틴에이저, 십대 |
| grandparent 명사 | /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/ | 조부모 |
| individualism 명사 | /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/ | 개인주의 |
| stereotype 명사 | /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ | 고정관념 |
| summarize 동사 | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | 요약하다 |
| vernacular 명사 | /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ | 방언, 사투리 |
| perceive 동사 | /pɚˈsiv/ | 감지하다, 지각하다 |
| mentality 명사 | /mɛnˈtæləti/ | 심리 |
| researcher 명사 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 연구원, 연구자 |
| laundry 명사 | /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/ | 세탁, 빨래 |
| phenomenon 명사 | /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ | 현상 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Otherwise, how would we have the language?
- There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
- You call your boss bro?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + 동사 — 지금은 아닌 과거의 습관이나 상태 | used to be |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have challenged · have changed · they've looked |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are born · is called · is broken |
주의할 발음
화자는 they're, we're, I'm 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 34번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, millennial /mɪˈlɛn.ɪ.əl/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: flatten /ˈflæ.tən/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: verb /vɝb/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, workplace, noun, verb 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.