Shadowing Practice: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - Learn English Speaking with Video
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the generation we are born into impacts every aspect of our life.
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Think about that, y'all.
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It impacts our attitudes, our values, our economic conditions, our opportunities, even our well-being.
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Some people have challenged this idea.
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How so?
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Yeah.
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Well, I think pretty much everyone agrees that growing up now, living now, is completely different from what it was like to live 100 years ago.
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or 50 years ago, even 20 years ago.
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There's just so many changes in technology and the way that we led, the way that we relate to each other and everything else.
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Where you get the challenges is people say, well, why are we putting people into these arbitrary 15 to 20 year groups?
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Well, because that's really an easier way to study people.
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Otherwise, how would we have the language?
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Would we have to say each individual birth year or people born in the 70s?
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And there are some reasons to group people that way.
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it allows us to just understand more about each other, which is really the point, you know, not to point fingers or stereotype, but to try to understand each other better.
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That's why I got into doing this in the first place.
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Okay, so you write about a phenomenon called the slow life strategy.
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What is that?
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Yeah, so it explains so much about how things have changed over the generations.
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So when you have a society that's just more technologically complex, people live longer because we have better medical care,
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And then education takes longer to finish.
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So it slows down the whole life cycle.
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Like not day to day, but in terms of years.
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That people take longer to grow up and longer to grow old.
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So in childhood, kids are less independent.
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Teenagers are now much less likely than, say, Gen X was at the same age to have a driver's license.
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Or to have a paid job.
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They're less likely.
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Yes.
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Much less likely.
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And why is that?
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That they're less likely?
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That's what I hear.
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The teenagers now don't have driver's license.
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That's right.
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...nor care about driving.
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Right.
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And why is that?
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Well, there's a couple reasons.
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So one is the parties on Snapchat or Instagram, but that's one element.
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Yeah.
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But it is also this slow-life strategy.
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They just are not as eager to do adult things in the way
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that Gen Xers or even millennials were at the same age.
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They look at having a driver's license and they're like, you know.
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Oh, see, I thought it was because of Uber.
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Well, until really recently, you couldn't take Uber until you were 18.
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Plus, we see the decline in driver's licenses, even in rural areas where Uber isn't around.
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Uber's expensive, too.
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So, and it's also not just the driver's license.
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They're less likely to have a paid job.
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They're less likely to go out on dates.
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They're less likely to drink alcohol.
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So nobody's getting jobs at 15 and 16 anymore?
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Not as much.
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Yeah.
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Not as much.
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It's much less common.
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So all of those adult things, those happen later.
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So they're just taking longer to do those things.
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That's why it's called the slow life strategy.
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Yeah, that's right.
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And then it shows up in young adulthood, too.
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There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
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It's now a verb adulting right and that's
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and nobody ever says adulting for all the fun things about
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being an adult like being independent it's things like doing laundry
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and paying your bills yeah there's that focus on oh that's no fun
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but just on the practical matter young adults um take longer
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to settle into a career to get married to have children
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but it goes on because middle-aged people look
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and feel younger than their parents
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or grandparents did at the same age thank god for hair
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color yeah it's actually biomarkers too they've looked at it
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and we actually are younger than a few decades ago it's
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not just hair color yeah no it isn't noah efron once said
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that hair color is the greatest gift ever given to women
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that lady clara yeah yeah it is it made a huge difference
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because you know it just did yeah yeah
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and i will always color my hair i will be in the the casket, colored.
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Oh God.
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So, so go ahead.
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Yeah.
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So that's middle age.
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And then just as people get older, they enjoy more years of health and more years of life.
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Yeah.
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And so all of that has contributed to the slow life strategy.
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Yeah.
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So Amanda Schneider is a researcher and writer and her upcoming book is called Work for What's Next?
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Why Workplace Culture is Failing and How the Next Generation Can Fix It.
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Welcome, Amanda.
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Thank you.
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So I'm so happy that we're having this conversation because I hear all the time the,
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you know, differences between the generations in the workplace.
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And you say work is broken.
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How so?
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So I think we are actually changing the vernacular when we think about work.
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And I think, unfortunately, right now, we're focused on the wrong problem.
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When we hear people talk about work today in the media, especially it's around return to office, but we can't fix a how problem with a where solution.
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Bringing them back won't matter if there's a problem with how we're working.
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So the next generations who are naturally digital first, meaning they see the world through a digital mindset,
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can really help us figure out how to evolve work for this digital era, meaning blending physical and digital work.
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Right.
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And so I know that some Gen Zers say that they've gotten a bad rap.
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Do you think Gen Zers have gotten a bad rap in the workplace?
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Definitely.
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Definitely.
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People say they don't want to work as hard as their parents.
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Yeah.
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Uh, they demand work-life balance.
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Yeah.
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Uh, and believe in, don't really believe in loyalty to the company.
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Are those generalizations true?
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They're true, but there's another perspective there.
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Okay, what is it?
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So if we want to look at their perspective, we have to understand how they think.
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And I think that we have to do more to bring these generations together.
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So if I had to summarize kind of what's shifting, work used to be a noun.
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And I think some older generations think about work as a physical place.
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Meaning when my dad said he was going to work, it meant he was physically taking his bag and he was going to an office, right?
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Yes.
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Yes.
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When these younger generations think I'm going to work, if you look at how my kids hear me when I I say I'm going to work, it means I'm going to open my laptop somewhere.
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Might be at an office, might be at home, might be somewhere in between.
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That's a fundamental difference in the way we perceive the languaging of it.
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I think it's a fundamental difference in how these different generations see the world.
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Okay.
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And so to fix work, we're going to have to really understand and fix the systems that are evolving from a noun to a verb.
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Jean, you even write that Jinzy is skeptical for the need for hierarchy in the workplace.
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You call this flattening.
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Explain what that is.
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Yeah.
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So it goes along with individualism, just more focus on the self and less on others.
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It's been another big change in the culture over the years that shaped generations.
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So in the workplace, it just means a lot less hierarchy.
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And we've seen this across many decades, that it used to be people would call their boss by their last name, you know, Mr. Jones, Ms. Patel, right?
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And now it's Mike or Priya, you call them by the first name.
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Sometimes you might even call them bro, if you're in Gen Z.
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Yeah, really.
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Just much more casual.
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And we see this in dress.
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You call your boss bro?
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I don't.
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Yeah.
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But you would call you some people call their bosses.
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My kids probably will.
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My kids call me bro.
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Okay.
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All right.
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I am from San Diego.
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Okay.
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Explain some of it.
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Okay.
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Yeah.
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But it comes out in dress too
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that it used to be people would wear suits to work and really dress up to work.
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And then it was, oh, in the 90s we had casual Friday and now every day is casual Friday.
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Yeah.
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And again, for my kids, maybe people looking at them, I'm kind of wondering if in the future people end up at work wearing pajama pants.
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Maybe we're already there.
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Yeah, I think we are already there.
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And it also just comes in how people relate to each other.
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That it used to be much more common for bosses just to tell employees, okay, this is what you're going to do, and they would go and do it.
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And now it's much more of a team mentality and much more of the manager working with people
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rather than ordering them around
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and talking more about why we're doing what we're doing
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and why it's important rather than just go do this because that's what I told you to do.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: generation, likely, longer. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 167 cümle ve 1551 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 8:14 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 188 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin %88’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığını takip etmek kolay.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| workplace isim | /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/ | iş yeri |
| noun isim | /naʊn/ | ad, isim |
| verb isim | /vɝb/ | fiil, eylem |
| hierarchy isim | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | hiyerarşi |
| teenager isim | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | genç |
| flatten fiil | /ˈflæ.tən/ | yasmak |
| generalization isim | jeneralizasyon | |
| individualism isim | /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/ | bireycilik |
| reluctance isim | /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ | isteksizlik |
| stereotype isim | /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ | basmakalıp söz, kalıplaşmış yargı |
| summarize fiil | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | özetlemek |
| vernacular isim | /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ | ulusal dil |
| adulthood isim | yetişkinlik | |
| skeptical sıfat | /ˈskɛptɪkəl/ | kuşkucu, septik |
| perceive fiil | /pɚˈsiv/ | algılamak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| grow up fiil | büyümek, yetişmek |
| figure out fiil | açığa çıkarmak |
| slow down fiil | yavaşlamak |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- Otherwise, how would we have the language?
- There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
- You call your boss bro?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + fiil — artık geçerli olmayan eski bir alışkanlık ya da durum | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have challenged · have changed · they've looked |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | are born · is called · is broken |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı they're, we're, I'm gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 34 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, millennial /mɪˈlɛn.ɪ.əl/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: flatten /ˈflæ.tən/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, skeptical /ˈskɛptɪkəl/, blend /blɛnd/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: casket /ˈkæs.kɪt/, flatten /ˈflæ.tən/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/, mentality /mɛnˈtæləti/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; workplace, noun, verb gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.