Shadowing Practice: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - Learn English Speaking with Video

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the generation we are born into impacts every aspect of our life.

Think about that, y'all.

It impacts our attitudes, our values, our economic conditions, our opportunities, even our well-being.

Some people have challenged this idea.

How so?

Yeah.

Well, I think pretty much everyone agrees that growing up now, living now, is completely different from what it was like to live 100 years ago.

or 50 years ago, even 20 years ago.

There's just so many changes in technology and the way that we led, the way that we relate to each other and everything else.

Where you get the challenges is people say, well, why are we putting people into these arbitrary 15 to 20 year groups?

Well, because that's really an easier way to study people.

Otherwise, how would we have the language?

Would we have to say each individual birth year or people born in the 70s?

And there are some reasons to group people that way.

it allows us to just understand more about each other, which is really the point, you know, not to point fingers or stereotype, but to try to understand each other better.

That's why I got into doing this in the first place.

Okay, so you write about a phenomenon called the slow life strategy.

What is that?

Yeah, so it explains so much about how things have changed over the generations.

So when you have a society that's just more technologically complex, people live longer because we have better medical care,

And then education takes longer to finish.

So it slows down the whole life cycle.

Like not day to day, but in terms of years.

That people take longer to grow up and longer to grow old.

So in childhood, kids are less independent.

Teenagers are now much less likely than, say, Gen X was at the same age to have a driver's license.

Or to have a paid job.

They're less likely.

Yes.

Much less likely.

And why is that?

That they're less likely?

That's what I hear.

The teenagers now don't have driver's license.

That's right.

...nor care about driving.

Right.

And why is that?

Well, there's a couple reasons.

So one is the parties on Snapchat or Instagram, but that's one element.

Yeah.

But it is also this slow-life strategy.

They just are not as eager to do adult things in the way

that Gen Xers or even millennials were at the same age.

They look at having a driver's license and they're like, you know.

Oh, see, I thought it was because of Uber.

Well, until really recently, you couldn't take Uber until you were 18.

Plus, we see the decline in driver's licenses, even in rural areas where Uber isn't around.

Uber's expensive, too.

So, and it's also not just the driver's license.

They're less likely to have a paid job.

They're less likely to go out on dates.

They're less likely to drink alcohol.

So nobody's getting jobs at 15 and 16 anymore?

Not as much.

Yeah.

Not as much.

It's much less common.

So all of those adult things, those happen later.

So they're just taking longer to do those things.

That's why it's called the slow life strategy.

Yeah, that's right.

And then it shows up in young adulthood, too.

There's this reluctance to you become an adult.

It's now a verb adulting right and that's

and nobody ever says adulting for all the fun things about

being an adult like being independent it's things like doing laundry

and paying your bills yeah there's that focus on oh that's no fun

but just on the practical matter young adults um take longer

to settle into a career to get married to have children

but it goes on because middle-aged people look

and feel younger than their parents

or grandparents did at the same age thank god for hair

color yeah it's actually biomarkers too they've looked at it

and we actually are younger than a few decades ago it's

not just hair color yeah no it isn't noah efron once said

that hair color is the greatest gift ever given to women

that lady clara yeah yeah it is it made a huge difference

because you know it just did yeah yeah

and i will always color my hair i will be in the the casket, colored.

Oh God.

So, so go ahead.

Yeah.

So that's middle age.

And then just as people get older, they enjoy more years of health and more years of life.

Yeah.

And so all of that has contributed to the slow life strategy.

Yeah.

So Amanda Schneider is a researcher and writer and her upcoming book is called Work for What's Next?

Why Workplace Culture is Failing and How the Next Generation Can Fix It.

Welcome, Amanda.

Thank you.

So I'm so happy that we're having this conversation because I hear all the time the,

you know, differences between the generations in the workplace.

And you say work is broken.

How so?

So I think we are actually changing the vernacular when we think about work.

And I think, unfortunately, right now, we're focused on the wrong problem.

When we hear people talk about work today in the media, especially it's around return to office, but we can't fix a how problem with a where solution.

100

Bringing them back won't matter if there's a problem with how we're working.

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So the next generations who are naturally digital first, meaning they see the world through a digital mindset,

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can really help us figure out how to evolve work for this digital era, meaning blending physical and digital work.

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Right.

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And so I know that some Gen Zers say that they've gotten a bad rap.

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Do you think Gen Zers have gotten a bad rap in the workplace?

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Definitely.

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Definitely.

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People say they don't want to work as hard as their parents.

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Yeah.

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Uh, they demand work-life balance.

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Yeah.

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Uh, and believe in, don't really believe in loyalty to the company.

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Are those generalizations true?

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They're true, but there's another perspective there.

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Okay, what is it?

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So if we want to look at their perspective, we have to understand how they think.

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And I think that we have to do more to bring these generations together.

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So if I had to summarize kind of what's shifting, work used to be a noun.

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And I think some older generations think about work as a physical place.

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Meaning when my dad said he was going to work, it meant he was physically taking his bag and he was going to an office, right?

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Yes.

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Yes.

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When these younger generations think I'm going to work, if you look at how my kids hear me when I I say I'm going to work, it means I'm going to open my laptop somewhere.

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Might be at an office, might be at home, might be somewhere in between.

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That's a fundamental difference in the way we perceive the languaging of it.

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I think it's a fundamental difference in how these different generations see the world.

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Okay.

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And so to fix work, we're going to have to really understand and fix the systems that are evolving from a noun to a verb.

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Jean, you even write that Jinzy is skeptical for the need for hierarchy in the workplace.

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You call this flattening.

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Explain what that is.

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Yeah.

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So it goes along with individualism, just more focus on the self and less on others.

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It's been another big change in the culture over the years that shaped generations.

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So in the workplace, it just means a lot less hierarchy.

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And we've seen this across many decades, that it used to be people would call their boss by their last name, you know, Mr. Jones, Ms. Patel, right?

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And now it's Mike or Priya, you call them by the first name.

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Sometimes you might even call them bro, if you're in Gen Z.

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Yeah, really.

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Just much more casual.

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And we see this in dress.

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You call your boss bro?

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I don't.

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Yeah.

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But you would call you some people call their bosses.

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My kids probably will.

147

My kids call me bro.

148

Okay.

149

All right.

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I am from San Diego.

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Okay.

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Explain some of it.

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Okay.

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Yeah.

155

But it comes out in dress too

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that it used to be people would wear suits to work and really dress up to work.

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And then it was, oh, in the 90s we had casual Friday and now every day is casual Friday.

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Yeah.

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And again, for my kids, maybe people looking at them, I'm kind of wondering if in the future people end up at work wearing pajama pants.

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Maybe we're already there.

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Yeah, I think we are already there.

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And it also just comes in how people relate to each other.

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That it used to be much more common for bosses just to tell employees, okay, this is what you're going to do, and they would go and do it.

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And now it's much more of a team mentality and much more of the manager working with people

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rather than ordering them around

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and talking more about why we're doing what we're doing

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and why it's important rather than just go do this because that's what I told you to do.

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: generation, likely, longer. בסרטון הזה יש 167 משפטים ו-1551 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 8:14. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-188 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 88% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שקל לעקוב אחרי אוצר המילים.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

13 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילה	הגייה	משמעות
workplace שם עצם	/ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/	מקום עבודה
noun שם עצם	/naʊn/	שֵׁם עֶצֶם, שֵׁם
verb שם עצם	/vɝb/	פועל, פֹּעַל
hierarchy שם עצם	/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/	הִיֵרַרכִיָה \ הייררכיה
teenager שם עצם	/ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/	נַעַר
individualism שם עצם	/ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/	אִינְדִּיבִידוּאָלִיזְם
stereotype שם עצם	/ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/	סְטֵרֵאוֹטִיפּ, סטריאוטיפ
summarize פועל	/ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/	סיכם
adulthood שם עצם		בַּגְרוּת
arbitrary שם תואר	/ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/	שרירותי, שרירותית
laundry שם עצם	/ˈlɔːn.dɹi/	כְּבִיסָה
phenomenon שם עצם	/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/	תופעה
loyalty שם עצם	/ˈlɔɪəlti/	נֶאֱמָנוּת

Phrasal verbs שתשמעו

מילה	משמעות
grow up פועל	גָּדַל
figure out פועל	הֵבִין, מצא תשובה

משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם

משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:

Otherwise, how would we have the language?
There's this reluctance to you become an adult.
You call your boss bro?

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנה	בסרטון
“Used to” used to + verb — הרגל או מצב שהיה נכון בעבר וכבר לא קיים	used to be
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו	have challenged · have changed · they've looked
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה	are born · is called · is broken

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-34 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו they're, we're, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, millennial /mɪˈlɛn.ɪ.əl/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

/æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: casket /ˈkæs.kɪt/, flatten /ˈflæ.tən/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, vernacular /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/, mentality /mɛnˈtæləti/
/r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, biomarker /ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑɹkɚ/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/
עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: verb /vɝb/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, blend /blɛnd/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו workplace, noun, verb.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →

Shadowing Practice: The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America - Learn English Speaking with Video

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

Phrasal verbs שתשמעו

משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?