تدريب Shadowing: The Scariest IQ Statistics | Jordan Peterson - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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During our research, we found a video of you where someone asked you about IQ, and you said you were previously tested quite a while ago,
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and you said it was in excess of 150.
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Granted, it does decline as you age, and you also said having a high IQ like that means
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that you have high volatility or variance in other areas of intelligence.
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As intelligence increases, the variability and intelligence increases
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so psychometrically there's sort of one way to be not very bright
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and a variety of ways to be very bright
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so there's differentiation at the upper end right and
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so my i would say i'm not particularly gifted mathematically
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so i struggled with statistics i eventually figured it out
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but it certainly didn't come to me easily
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i don't tend to think mathematically
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i've certainly had students who were like immeasurably more intelligent than me on the mathematical front
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i had a student at harvard
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she went from zero statistics to winning teaching awards for teaching
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it in about six months she was a little autistic
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she was also a very good writer that's a rare combination to have that extreme
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spatial mathematical intelligence and extreme verbal intelligence you get a person like
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that now and then it's pretty rare and she was just coded
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that way to be able to do that that wasn't anything that she did to be able to learn quickly?
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IQ is very biologically determined.
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Very.
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And it's very, uh, it's very rough.
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It's no wonder my student and I, Daniel Higgins, who is a partner of mine in business still, we, uh, at Harvard in the 1990s,
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we did a lot of work investigating the world of psychometric measurement.
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So that would be the assessment of cognitive ability and personality
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and we delve very deeply into the literature on neuropsychological function
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and so that would be that's from a field
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that basically derived its information from animal experimental studies as well
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as human beings study of human beings with various forms of brain damage
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there was a an effort i don't know
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if that's still ongoing to develop tests
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that would be associated where people would show decrements
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that were associated with known areas of brain damage they developed a lot of specialized tests my student
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and i on my old supervisor we computerized a battery of
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so -called neuropsychological tests and then we used them and iq tests
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and personality to predict academic performance and managerial performance
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and uh like line worker performance trying to figure out well two things what exactly is it
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That makes someone productive depending on their positioning.
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And then also how could that be measured effectively so that if you wanted to hire or place or promote,
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you could do that in the most effective possible manner.
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And so that meant that we had to thoroughly familiarize ourselves with the neuropsychological literature, which I already kind of knew,
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with the IQ literature, which was quite new to me, and then with the personality literature.
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And so the basic claim of the psychometricians on the IQ side is that for all intents and purposes, IQ is relatively unitary.
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So intelligence, general cognitive ability, personality is multidimensional, but cognitive ability, although it differentiates at the upper end,
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is a pretty solid unit.
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And no one likes that idea.
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And no wonder.
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It's no wonder.
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So why would people not like it? while it seems very unfair
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and anti -egalitarian to note that there's wide variation in the trait
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that is the best predictor of long -term success in complex occupations
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it's not like the cards are dealt out equally they're not dealt out equally how much of
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that is genetic most of it so
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if you have smart parents you're probably going to be smart parents
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you're going to be slightly less smart than the average of your parents because imagine
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that your intelligence isn't determined only by your parents
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it's determined in a way by the whole stream of your ancestry now
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if you have two smart parents on average their ancestors are going to be slightly less smart than they are
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so you get the best way to predict your iq
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if we didn't know anything else would be to take the iq of your mother
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and father and average them and then reduce it somewhat
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because that's called regression towards the mean
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so there's a tendency for biological forms to default back to their standard configuration
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or increase it if the average was lower than yeah that's right
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so if you had two parents who were impaired in their cognitive ability
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or far below average on average you'd be smarter than they were would
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that then suggest that with enough time we're all going to be about even
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if everyone's kind of well yeah which is iq the average is 100
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so hasn't it been going up over time though there's debate about
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that um it's gone up over time in some ways for sure
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so although it's difficult to increase iq you you get companies now
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and then who pop up and claim
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that they can increase your cognitive function there's zero evidence for
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that there's no what happens if you
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if you practice a complex task you tend to get much better at the complex task say a video game
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but it doesn't transfer over
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and make you generally smarter no one's figured out how to increase iq with with cognitive exercises you can maintain
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or increase your iq with exercise cardiovascular and and weight lifting
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because your brain is a very demanding organ so
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if your cardiovascular system is healthy especially as you age that's a huge deal there's nothing
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that you can do that's more important than staying in physical shape to maintain your cognitive ability
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so but um nobody knows how to increase it i mean that would be a discovery of infinite value, but no one's figured it out.
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You can suppress IQ quite easily by,
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say, not stimulating young children to the degree that their intelligence has room to play,
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let's say, or by not breastfeeding them.
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That's a good way to have stupider children, if that's what you're after.
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Breastfeeding confers, I think, something like a three to four point
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increment per year breastfed it's something like why is
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that is it just the bond nutrition the brain's a very demanding organ
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and so it uses a tremendous amount of your metabolic resources
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and so nutrition and exercise make a huge difference um so
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if you take you asked about biological determinism with regards to iq
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so imagine that you take twins identical twins who were separated at birth
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and then you track their iq as they age well by the time they're 60 their iqs are
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so similar regardless of their background that it's as
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if you're testing the same person twice so strangely enough
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if iq was environmentally determined you'd expect twins separated at birth to diverge as they age they don't they converge
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so i can see that why
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that uh makes people very upset there's a whole bunch of reasons to be upset by i mean the
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when when daniel and i sorted this out in the 90s we thought
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that this might be the shoal upon which western culture demolishes itself
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because iq is a vicious predictor of long -term success
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it's by far the best predictor it's five times as powerful as conscientiousness
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which is the next best predictor so conscientiousness is associated with industriousness
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and orderliness it's associated with political conservatism
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it's associated with traditionalism out group let's say skepticism towards out groups to some degree that's conservatism more but um
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and we probably can't measure conscientiousness as accurately as we can measure iq we have to rely on personality scales
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and self self -report and reports from other people that's the best we've been able to manage
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and no one has been able to come up with a
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practical test of conscientiousness like i'm probably trying 50 things in
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my lab bringing conscientious people into the lab giving them different sorts of tests seeing
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if we could figure out what activity conscientious people would do better in the lab
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so we could use that as a measure we could never do it
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so we did things like for example imagine you have rows of n's m's
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u's which are visually quite difficult to distinguish imagine a variety of rows of those
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and then your job is to go through and circle all the ends, you'd think perhaps that would be associated with something like diligence or industriousness,
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conscientiousness, but it's just another IQ test.
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It's very, very hard to find a cognitive test that isn't just IQ.
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And IQ is very easy to measure.
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This is another thing that makes it troublesome, let's say, apart from the fact of unbelievable variation between people.
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Like people with extreme IQs are
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so much more productive than people with on the lower end of the scale
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that they're not in the same universe in the sense
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and they're certainly in the same moral universe
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and they have the same value intrinsically and
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and iq is not associated with morality let's say just
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because you're smarter doesn't mean you're a better person
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and in fact i think there's a temptation
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that comes along with intelligence that's luciferian and that's been warned about in mythologies forever bitter intellect you know
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The person who has been gifted by God, so to speak, with a great intellect,
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who believes that the world should bow at their feet in consequence or presumes that they're rational, what would you say?
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Their cogitations produce systems of value that should be imposed upon the world.
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That's the Luciferian temptation.
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But there's a massive difference between people at the upper end of the cognitive distribution and people at the lower end. And so...
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And it's easy to measure.
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It's very robust.
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So, for example, imagine you had a library of 10 ,000 questions.
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Questions about anything, they require abstract cognition to solve.
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That's the only criteria.
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Multiple choice questions, vocabulary questions, general knowledge questions, mathematical questions, spatial rotation questions, anything that requires abstract cognition.
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Okay, so they have 10 ,000 questions extract out a random set of 100 questions, give that to 100 people,
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sum their scores, rank order them.
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That's IQ.
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Now, the technical IQ test correct for age, but that's irrelevant with regards to the measurement.
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تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “The Scariest IQ Statistics”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: questions, cognitive, intelligence, test, increase. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 166 جملة و2029 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 11:59. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 169 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 83% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| cognitive صفة | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | إِدْرَاكِيّ |
| twin اسم | /twɪn/ | تَوْأَم |
| rely فعل | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | اِعْتَمَدَ |
| mathematical صفة | /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | رِيَاضِيّ |
| equally ظرف | /ˈiːkwəli/ | بِالتَّسَاوِي |
| biological صفة | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | بِيُولُوجِيّ, أَحْيَائِي |
| regards اسم | /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/ | تَحِيَّة |
| abstract اسم | /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ | مُلَخَّص, حاصِل |
| organ اسم | /ˈɔːɡən/ | عُضْو, عِضْو |
| nutrition اسم | /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | تَغْذِيَة, غِذَاء |
| predict فعل | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | تَنَبَّأَ |
| variation اسم | /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ | تَرَاوُح, اِخْتِلَاف |
| spatial صفة | /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/ | فَضَائِيّ |
| temptation اسم | /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/ | فِتْنَة, إِغْرَاء |
| cardiovascular صفة | /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/ | جِهَاز اَلدَّوَرَان, جِهَاز قَلْبِيّ وِعَائِيّ |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| come up with فعل | جَاءَ بِـ, أَتَى بِـ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| الجمل الشرطية if + جملة، will/would + فعل — شرط ونتيجته | if we didn't know anything else would be · if iq was environmentally determined you'd expect |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | were previously tested · was just coded · would be associated |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | students who were · literature, which was · yeah which is |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | i've certainly had · we've been · has been |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 35 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, they're, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, ethos /ˈiθɑs/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, temptation /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, temptation /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: twin /twɪn/, productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل cognitive, twin, rely.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.