शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Scariest IQ Statistics | Jordan Peterson - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
166 वाक्य
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During our research, we found a video of you where someone asked you about IQ, and you said you were previously tested quite a while ago,
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and you said it was in excess of 150.
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Granted, it does decline as you age, and you also said having a high IQ like that means
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that you have high volatility or variance in other areas of intelligence.
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As intelligence increases, the variability and intelligence increases
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so psychometrically there's sort of one way to be not very bright
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and a variety of ways to be very bright
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so there's differentiation at the upper end right and
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so my i would say i'm not particularly gifted mathematically
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so i struggled with statistics i eventually figured it out
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but it certainly didn't come to me easily
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i don't tend to think mathematically
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i've certainly had students who were like immeasurably more intelligent than me on the mathematical front
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i had a student at harvard
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she went from zero statistics to winning teaching awards for teaching
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it in about six months she was a little autistic
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she was also a very good writer that's a rare combination to have that extreme
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spatial mathematical intelligence and extreme verbal intelligence you get a person like
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that now and then it's pretty rare and she was just coded
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that way to be able to do that that wasn't anything that she did to be able to learn quickly?
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IQ is very biologically determined.
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Very.
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And it's very, uh, it's very rough.
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It's no wonder my student and I, Daniel Higgins, who is a partner of mine in business still, we, uh, at Harvard in the 1990s,
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we did a lot of work investigating the world of psychometric measurement.
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So that would be the assessment of cognitive ability and personality
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and we delve very deeply into the literature on neuropsychological function
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and so that would be that's from a field
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that basically derived its information from animal experimental studies as well
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as human beings study of human beings with various forms of brain damage
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there was a an effort i don't know
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if that's still ongoing to develop tests
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that would be associated where people would show decrements
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that were associated with known areas of brain damage they developed a lot of specialized tests my student
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and i on my old supervisor we computerized a battery of
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so -called neuropsychological tests and then we used them and iq tests
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and personality to predict academic performance and managerial performance
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and uh like line worker performance trying to figure out well two things what exactly is it
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That makes someone productive depending on their positioning.
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And then also how could that be measured effectively so that if you wanted to hire or place or promote,
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you could do that in the most effective possible manner.
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And so that meant that we had to thoroughly familiarize ourselves with the neuropsychological literature, which I already kind of knew,
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with the IQ literature, which was quite new to me, and then with the personality literature.
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And so the basic claim of the psychometricians on the IQ side is that for all intents and purposes, IQ is relatively unitary.
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So intelligence, general cognitive ability, personality is multidimensional, but cognitive ability, although it differentiates at the upper end,
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is a pretty solid unit.
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And no one likes that idea.
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And no wonder.
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It's no wonder.
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So why would people not like it? while it seems very unfair
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and anti -egalitarian to note that there's wide variation in the trait
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that is the best predictor of long -term success in complex occupations
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it's not like the cards are dealt out equally they're not dealt out equally how much of
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that is genetic most of it so
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if you have smart parents you're probably going to be smart parents
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you're going to be slightly less smart than the average of your parents because imagine
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that your intelligence isn't determined only by your parents
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it's determined in a way by the whole stream of your ancestry now
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if you have two smart parents on average their ancestors are going to be slightly less smart than they are
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so you get the best way to predict your iq
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if we didn't know anything else would be to take the iq of your mother
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and father and average them and then reduce it somewhat
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because that's called regression towards the mean
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so there's a tendency for biological forms to default back to their standard configuration
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or increase it if the average was lower than yeah that's right
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so if you had two parents who were impaired in their cognitive ability
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or far below average on average you'd be smarter than they were would
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that then suggest that with enough time we're all going to be about even
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if everyone's kind of well yeah which is iq the average is 100
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so hasn't it been going up over time though there's debate about
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that um it's gone up over time in some ways for sure
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so although it's difficult to increase iq you you get companies now
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and then who pop up and claim
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that they can increase your cognitive function there's zero evidence for
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that there's no what happens if you
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if you practice a complex task you tend to get much better at the complex task say a video game
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but it doesn't transfer over
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and make you generally smarter no one's figured out how to increase iq with with cognitive exercises you can maintain
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or increase your iq with exercise cardiovascular and and weight lifting
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because your brain is a very demanding organ so
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if your cardiovascular system is healthy especially as you age that's a huge deal there's nothing
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that you can do that's more important than staying in physical shape to maintain your cognitive ability
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so but um nobody knows how to increase it i mean that would be a discovery of infinite value, but no one's figured it out.
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You can suppress IQ quite easily by,
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say, not stimulating young children to the degree that their intelligence has room to play,
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let's say, or by not breastfeeding them.
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That's a good way to have stupider children, if that's what you're after.
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Breastfeeding confers, I think, something like a three to four point
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increment per year breastfed it's something like why is
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that is it just the bond nutrition the brain's a very demanding organ
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and so it uses a tremendous amount of your metabolic resources
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and so nutrition and exercise make a huge difference um so
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if you take you asked about biological determinism with regards to iq
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so imagine that you take twins identical twins who were separated at birth
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and then you track their iq as they age well by the time they're 60 their iqs are
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so similar regardless of their background that it's as
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if you're testing the same person twice so strangely enough
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if iq was environmentally determined you'd expect twins separated at birth to diverge as they age they don't they converge
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so i can see that why
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that uh makes people very upset there's a whole bunch of reasons to be upset by i mean the
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when when daniel and i sorted this out in the 90s we thought
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that this might be the shoal upon which western culture demolishes itself
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because iq is a vicious predictor of long -term success
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it's by far the best predictor it's five times as powerful as conscientiousness
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which is the next best predictor so conscientiousness is associated with industriousness
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and orderliness it's associated with political conservatism
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it's associated with traditionalism out group let's say skepticism towards out groups to some degree that's conservatism more but um
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and we probably can't measure conscientiousness as accurately as we can measure iq we have to rely on personality scales
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and self self -report and reports from other people that's the best we've been able to manage
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and no one has been able to come up with a
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practical test of conscientiousness like i'm probably trying 50 things in
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my lab bringing conscientious people into the lab giving them different sorts of tests seeing
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if we could figure out what activity conscientious people would do better in the lab
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so we could use that as a measure we could never do it
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so we did things like for example imagine you have rows of n's m's
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u's which are visually quite difficult to distinguish imagine a variety of rows of those
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and then your job is to go through and circle all the ends, you'd think perhaps that would be associated with something like diligence or industriousness,
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conscientiousness, but it's just another IQ test.
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It's very, very hard to find a cognitive test that isn't just IQ.
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And IQ is very easy to measure.
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This is another thing that makes it troublesome, let's say, apart from the fact of unbelievable variation between people.
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Like people with extreme IQs are
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so much more productive than people with on the lower end of the scale
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that they're not in the same universe in the sense
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and they're certainly in the same moral universe
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and they have the same value intrinsically and
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and iq is not associated with morality let's say just
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because you're smarter doesn't mean you're a better person
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and in fact i think there's a temptation
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that comes along with intelligence that's luciferian and that's been warned about in mythologies forever bitter intellect you know
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The person who has been gifted by God, so to speak, with a great intellect,
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who believes that the world should bow at their feet in consequence or presumes that they're rational, what would you say?
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Their cogitations produce systems of value that should be imposed upon the world.
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That's the Luciferian temptation.
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But there's a massive difference between people at the upper end of the cognitive distribution and people at the lower end. And so...
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And it's easy to measure.
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It's very robust.
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So, for example, imagine you had a library of 10 ,000 questions.
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Questions about anything, they require abstract cognition to solve.
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That's the only criteria.
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Multiple choice questions, vocabulary questions, general knowledge questions, mathematical questions, spatial rotation questions, anything that requires abstract cognition.
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Okay, so they have 10 ,000 questions extract out a random set of 100 questions, give that to 100 people,
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sum their scores, rank order them.
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That's IQ.
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Now, the technical IQ test correct for age, but that's irrelevant with regards to the measurement.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “The Scariest IQ Statistics” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: questions, cognitive, intelligence, test, increase। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 166 वाक्य और 2029 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 11:59 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 169 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| twin संज्ञा | /twɪn/ | जुड़वाँ, यमज |
| mathematical विशेषण | /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | गणितीय |
| abstract संज्ञा | /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ | सारांश, निचोड |
| organ संज्ञा | /ˈɔːɡən/ | अंग, ऑर्गन |
| nutrition संज्ञा | /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | पोषण, खाद्य |
| measurement संज्ञा | /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/ | माप, नाप |
| spatial विशेषण | /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/ | अंतरिक्ष, अंतरिक्षीय |
| temptation संज्ञा | /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/ | लुभाव, प्रलोभन |
| cardiovascular विशेषण | /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/ | हृदयवाहिनी |
| practical विशेषण | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | प्रायोगिक |
| assessment संज्ञा | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | निर्धारण, मूल्यांकन |
| moral विशेषण | /ˈmoɹəl/ | नैतिक |
| discovery संज्ञा | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | खोज, आविष्कार |
| rank संज्ञा | /ˈɹæŋk/ | श्रेणीबद्ध |
| worker संज्ञा | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | मज़दूर, श्रमिक |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| शर्त वाले वाक्य if + उपवाक्य, will/would + क्रिया — शर्त और उसका नतीजा | if we didn't know anything else would be · if iq was environmentally determined you'd expect |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | were previously tested · was just coded · would be associated |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | students who were · literature, which was · yeah which is |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | i've certainly had · we've been · has been |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 35 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे you're, they're, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, ethos /ˈiθɑs/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, temptation /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, twin /twɪn/, equally /ˈiːkwəli/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, supervisor /ˈsupɚˌvaɪzɚ/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, presume /pɹɪˈz(j)um/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, stimulate /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/, strangely /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/, skepticism /ˈskɛp.tɪˌsɪ.zəm/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर twin, mathematical, abstract जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।