تدريب Shadowing: What is clean code? - Uncle Bob - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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80 جمل
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So I wrote to Yarna, I said, Yarna, what does clean code mean to you?
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And he said, and this is very typical of Yarna Strewstrup, he said, I like my code to be elegant and efficient.
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And then he said this, clean code does one thing well.
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One thing well.
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Now this one thing idea has been around in software for 40 years or more.
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People are always writing about how a function should do one thing and one thing well.
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It's a very, very old idea.
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And Strustrip echoes it here.
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Grady Booch, the chief scientist at Rational.
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He wrote a book in 1988 called Object-Oriented Software Design with Applications.
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Anybody read that book?
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1980s, late 80s?
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Do we have anybody who was born then?
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Yeah, okay, good.
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All right, so that's fine.
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Fascinating book, very early book on object-oriented design.
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Grady Butch is also the first person, I believe, to have the title chief scientist.
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I think he invented that.
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And Rational said, yeah, you can be the chief scientist, that's fine.
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And ever since then, everybody's wanted to be a chief scientist at some company somewhere.
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So I asked Grady, you know, Grady, what's clean code?
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He said, clean code is simple and direct, fine.
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And then he said this, clean code reads like well written prose.
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Have you ever read code that read like well-written prose?
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And let's go to Michael Feathers.
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Michael Feathers.
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I wrote to Michael, I said, hey Michael, what's clean code?
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And he said, clean code always looks like it was written by someone who cares.
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What a lovely statement.
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That's a good attitude right there.
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Clean code always looks like it was written by someone who cares.
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When's the last time you read a module
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and your thought as you were reading that module was the author cared about me.
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The author cared about everybody else who was going to be reading that code.
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When's the last time you had that experience, the author of this code cared about me.
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Very interesting.
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And by the way, it brings up a fascinating point.
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What's your job?
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You may think that your job is to get code to work.
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That's not your job.
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That's only half of your job, and it's the least important half of your job.
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The more important part of your job is that you must write code that other people can maintain,
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can use, can make work.
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If you hand me code that works perfectly, perfectly, but I can't understand it, then as soon as the requirements change, that code is useless.
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On the other hand, if you give me code that does not work, but I can understand it, I can make it work.
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It is much more important
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that your peers be able to understand the code you write than that the computer can understand the code that you wrote.
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It is more important to communicate with your peers using a programming language than it is to communicate with the computer.
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Because if you do that well, somebody will make it work.
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The last one.
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Ward Cunningham.
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Who knows who Ward Cunningham is?
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Somebody heard the name?
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You know who that is.
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A few of you do.
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You'll know who he is as soon as I tell you.
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He's the guy who invented the wiki.
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Who's used a wiki?
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Everybody puts their hand up.
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Okay, good.
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Okay, Ward Cunningham is the guy who invented the wiki.
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He invented the wiki out of 19 lines of pearl in 1990 something or other.
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Put it up on the website.
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By the way, that very first wiki is still alive.
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You can get to it if you want to.
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The URL is c2.com.
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The letter C and the digit 2.com.
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That is the very first wiki ever.
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It's still there.
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And by the way, it's full of fascinating stuff.
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You'll see all kinds of design pattern stuff and extreme programming stuff
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and agile stuff because it was there at the beginning
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and i asked ward ward what's clean code and he said this
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you know you're working on clean code when each routine you read turns out to be pretty much what you expected
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when's the last time you read code
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and as you're reading it it was pretty much what you expected you're reading along
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and you're going yeah yes yep yep yep yes mm-hmm yep yep yep when's the last time you had that experience
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what he's saying is no wtfs per minute zero clean code
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is no surprises no wtfs everything is pretty much what you expected.
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That's good clean code.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى C1 مبني على الفيديو “What is clean code? - Uncle Bob”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: code, clean, wiki, ward, Grady. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 80 جملة و776 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:37. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 138 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 86% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| wiki اسم | /ˈwɪki/ | وِيكِي |
| scientist اسم | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | عَالِم, عَالِمَة |
| invent فعل | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | اِخْتَرَعَ |
| peer اسم | /pɪɹ/ | تِرْب, قَرِين |
| module اسم | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | وَحْدَة |
| prose اسم | /ˈpɹoʊz/ | نَثْر |
| efficient صفة | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | فَعَّال |
| routine اسم | /ɹuˈtin/ | رُوتِين |
| requirement اسم | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | مَطْلَب, طَلَب |
| pearl اسم | /pɝl/ | لُؤْلُؤَة, لُؤْلُؤ |
| echo اسم | /ˈɛk.oʊ/ | صَدًى |
| elegant صفة | /ˈɛləɡənt/ | ظَرِيف, أَنِيق |
| digit اسم | /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/ | رَقْم |
| fascinate فعل | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | فَتَنَ |
| agile صفة | /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/ | رَشِيق, خَفِيف اَلْحَرَكَة |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | anybody who was · someone who cares · guy who invented |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | was born · was written |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has been · Have you ever read |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 7 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, you'll, can't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: peer /pɪɹ/, prose /ˈpɹoʊz/, pearl /pɝl/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: ward /wɔɹd/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, prose /ˈpɹoʊz/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل wiki, scientist, invent.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.