跟读练习: What is clean code? - Uncle Bob - 通过视频学习英语口语
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80 句
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So I wrote to Yarna, I said, Yarna, what does clean code mean to you?
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And he said, and this is very typical of Yarna Strewstrup, he said, I like my code to be elegant and efficient.
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And then he said this, clean code does one thing well.
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One thing well.
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Now this one thing idea has been around in software for 40 years or more.
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People are always writing about how a function should do one thing and one thing well.
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It's a very, very old idea.
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And Strustrip echoes it here.
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Grady Booch, the chief scientist at Rational.
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He wrote a book in 1988 called Object-Oriented Software Design with Applications.
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Anybody read that book?
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1980s, late 80s?
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Do we have anybody who was born then?
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Yeah, okay, good.
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All right, so that's fine.
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Fascinating book, very early book on object-oriented design.
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Grady Butch is also the first person, I believe, to have the title chief scientist.
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I think he invented that.
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And Rational said, yeah, you can be the chief scientist, that's fine.
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And ever since then, everybody's wanted to be a chief scientist at some company somewhere.
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So I asked Grady, you know, Grady, what's clean code?
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He said, clean code is simple and direct, fine.
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And then he said this, clean code reads like well written prose.
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Have you ever read code that read like well-written prose?
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And let's go to Michael Feathers.
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Michael Feathers.
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I wrote to Michael, I said, hey Michael, what's clean code?
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And he said, clean code always looks like it was written by someone who cares.
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What a lovely statement.
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That's a good attitude right there.
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Clean code always looks like it was written by someone who cares.
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When's the last time you read a module
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and your thought as you were reading that module was the author cared about me.
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The author cared about everybody else who was going to be reading that code.
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When's the last time you had that experience, the author of this code cared about me.
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Very interesting.
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And by the way, it brings up a fascinating point.
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What's your job?
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You may think that your job is to get code to work.
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That's not your job.
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That's only half of your job, and it's the least important half of your job.
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The more important part of your job is that you must write code that other people can maintain,
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can use, can make work.
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If you hand me code that works perfectly, perfectly, but I can't understand it, then as soon as the requirements change, that code is useless.
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On the other hand, if you give me code that does not work, but I can understand it, I can make it work.
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It is much more important
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that your peers be able to understand the code you write than that the computer can understand the code that you wrote.
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It is more important to communicate with your peers using a programming language than it is to communicate with the computer.
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Because if you do that well, somebody will make it work.
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The last one.
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Ward Cunningham.
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Who knows who Ward Cunningham is?
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Somebody heard the name?
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You know who that is.
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A few of you do.
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You'll know who he is as soon as I tell you.
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He's the guy who invented the wiki.
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Who's used a wiki?
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Everybody puts their hand up.
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Okay, good.
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Okay, Ward Cunningham is the guy who invented the wiki.
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He invented the wiki out of 19 lines of pearl in 1990 something or other.
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Put it up on the website.
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By the way, that very first wiki is still alive.
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You can get to it if you want to.
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The URL is c2.com.
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The letter C and the digit 2.com.
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That is the very first wiki ever.
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It's still there.
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And by the way, it's full of fascinating stuff.
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You'll see all kinds of design pattern stuff and extreme programming stuff
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and agile stuff because it was there at the beginning
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and i asked ward ward what's clean code and he said this
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you know you're working on clean code when each routine you read turns out to be pretty much what you expected
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when's the last time you read code
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and as you're reading it it was pretty much what you expected you're reading along
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and you're going yeah yes yep yep yep yes mm-hmm yep yep yep when's the last time you had that experience
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what he's saying is no wtfs per minute zero clean code
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is no surprises no wtfs everything is pretty much what you expected.
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That's good clean code.
FOR YOU
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“What is clean code? - Uncle Bob”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：code, clean, wiki, ward, Grady。 这段视频共有 80 个句子、776 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:37。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 138 个词，很适合跟读。 86% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| wiki 名词 | /ˈwɪki/ | 維基 /维基 |
| scientist 名词 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科学家 |
| invent 动词 | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | 發明 /发明 |
| peer 名词 | /pɪɹ/ | 同輩 /同辈, 同齡人 /同龄人 |
| module 名词 | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | 模塊 /模块 |
| prose 名词 | /ˈpɹoʊz/ | 散文 |
| efficient 形容词 | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | 高效率 |
| routine 名词 | /ɹuˈtin/ | 常規 /常规, 慣例 /惯例 |
| requirement 名词 | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | 要求, 需求 |
| pearl 名词 | /pɝl/ | 珍珠, 璣 /玑 |
| echo 名词 | /ˈɛk.oʊ/ | 回聲 /回声, 應聲 /应声 |
| elegant 形容词 | /ˈɛləɡənt/ | 典雅, 文雅 |
| digit 名词 | /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/ | 數字 /数字 |
| litter 名词 | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | 垫料 |
| fascinate 动词 | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | 誘惑 /诱惑, 迷住 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| bring up 动词 | 撫養 /抚养, 養大 /养大 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | anybody who was · someone who cares · guy who invented |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | was born · was written |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has been · Have you ever read |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, you'll, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: ward /wɔɹd/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, prose /ˈpɹoʊz/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, agile /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 wiki, scientist, invent 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。