Pratica di Shadowing: What is clean code? - Uncle Bob - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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80 frasi
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So I wrote to Yarna, I said, Yarna, what does clean code mean to you?
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And he said, and this is very typical of Yarna Strewstrup, he said, I like my code to be elegant and efficient.
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And then he said this, clean code does one thing well.
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One thing well.
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Now this one thing idea has been around in software for 40 years or more.
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People are always writing about how a function should do one thing and one thing well.
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It's a very, very old idea.
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And Strustrip echoes it here.
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Grady Booch, the chief scientist at Rational.
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He wrote a book in 1988 called Object-Oriented Software Design with Applications.
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Anybody read that book?
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1980s, late 80s?
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Do we have anybody who was born then?
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Yeah, okay, good.
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All right, so that's fine.
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Fascinating book, very early book on object-oriented design.
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Grady Butch is also the first person, I believe, to have the title chief scientist.
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I think he invented that.
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And Rational said, yeah, you can be the chief scientist, that's fine.
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And ever since then, everybody's wanted to be a chief scientist at some company somewhere.
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So I asked Grady, you know, Grady, what's clean code?
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He said, clean code is simple and direct, fine.
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And then he said this, clean code reads like well written prose.
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Have you ever read code that read like well-written prose?
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And let's go to Michael Feathers.
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Michael Feathers.
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I wrote to Michael, I said, hey Michael, what's clean code?
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And he said, clean code always looks like it was written by someone who cares.
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What a lovely statement.
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That's a good attitude right there.
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Clean code always looks like it was written by someone who cares.
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When's the last time you read a module
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and your thought as you were reading that module was the author cared about me.
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The author cared about everybody else who was going to be reading that code.
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When's the last time you had that experience, the author of this code cared about me.
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Very interesting.
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And by the way, it brings up a fascinating point.
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What's your job?
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You may think that your job is to get code to work.
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That's not your job.
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That's only half of your job, and it's the least important half of your job.
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The more important part of your job is that you must write code that other people can maintain,
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can use, can make work.
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If you hand me code that works perfectly, perfectly, but I can't understand it, then as soon as the requirements change, that code is useless.
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On the other hand, if you give me code that does not work, but I can understand it, I can make it work.
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It is much more important
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that your peers be able to understand the code you write than that the computer can understand the code that you wrote.
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It is more important to communicate with your peers using a programming language than it is to communicate with the computer.
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Because if you do that well, somebody will make it work.
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The last one.
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Ward Cunningham.
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Who knows who Ward Cunningham is?
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Somebody heard the name?
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You know who that is.
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A few of you do.
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You'll know who he is as soon as I tell you.
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He's the guy who invented the wiki.
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Who's used a wiki?
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Everybody puts their hand up.
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Okay, good.
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Okay, Ward Cunningham is the guy who invented the wiki.
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He invented the wiki out of 19 lines of pearl in 1990 something or other.
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Put it up on the website.
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By the way, that very first wiki is still alive.
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You can get to it if you want to.
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The URL is c2.com.
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The letter C and the digit 2.com.
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That is the very first wiki ever.
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It's still there.
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And by the way, it's full of fascinating stuff.
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You'll see all kinds of design pattern stuff and extreme programming stuff
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and agile stuff because it was there at the beginning
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and i asked ward ward what's clean code and he said this
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you know you're working on clean code when each routine you read turns out to be pretty much what you expected
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when's the last time you read code
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and as you're reading it it was pretty much what you expected you're reading along
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and you're going yeah yes yep yep yep yes mm-hmm yep yep yep when's the last time you had that experience
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what he's saying is no wtfs per minute zero clean code
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is no surprises no wtfs everything is pretty much what you expected.
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That's good clean code.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “What is clean code? - Uncle Bob”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: code, clean, wiki, ward, Grady. Questo video contiene 80 frasi e 776 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:37. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 138 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 86% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| wiki sostantivo | /ˈwɪki/ | wiki |
| ward sostantivo | /wɔɹd/ | guardiano |
| scientist sostantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scienziato, scienziata |
| invent verbo | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | inventare |
| communicate verbo | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | comunicare, informare |
| peer sostantivo | /pɪɹ/ | pari, uguale |
| prose sostantivo | /ˈpɹoʊz/ | prosa |
| efficient aggettivo | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | efficiente, performante |
| routine sostantivo | /ɹuˈtin/ | routine, tran tran |
| requirement sostantivo | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | requisito |
| pearl sostantivo | /pɝl/ | perla |
| echo sostantivo | /ˈɛk.oʊ/ | eco |
| elegant aggettivo | /ˈɛləɡənt/ | elegante |
| digit sostantivo | /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/ | cifra |
| litter sostantivo | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | lettiera |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| bring up verbo | menzionare, nominare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | anybody who was · someone who cares · guy who invented |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | was born · was written |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | has been · Have you ever read |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 7 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, you'll, can't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: ward /wɔɹd/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, prose /ˈpɹoʊz/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, agile /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come wiki, ward, scientist.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.