تدريب Shadowing: Why is it so Easy to be Thin in Japan? - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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If you've ever been to Japan, you may have noticed that it's really hard to find an obese Japanese person.
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In the United States, it's quite a different story.
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The rate of obesity among adults in America is on average around 30%, whereas the Japan obesity rate is only 3 .5%.
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But what makes the weight of people in these two countries so different?
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Why Japanese people?
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At first, I was thinking about things like Japanese people drink a lot of green tea,
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and they get a decent amount of fermented foods like kimchi or natto, which is great for the gut microbiome.
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But in this video, I want to focus on a very simple yet key point about Japan.
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The food environment is drastically different from the U .S.
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As of 2017, there's over 243 ,000 fast food establishments in America.
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There's only 6 ,169 establishments in Japan, meaning per person, there's about 15 times more fast food restaurants in America.
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Then again, in Japan, fast food, fried food, chips, chocolate, candy, soda, and not -so -healthy things are still available wherever you go.
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But there's a huge variety of equally convenient, reasonably healthy food.
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Let's say I'm the average busy person in the States who would like to be healthy, but doesn't have time to cook at home.
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What's for breakfast?
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Most people's options are limited to things like a McGriddle with hash browns and coffee,
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or maybe an egg and processed cheese sandwich with tater tots at Dunkin' Donuts, or some pancakes at Denny's if you have more time.
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Surely some people will have healthier options than that, but I'm trying to think of what most people are going to have access to.
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So what's a quick breakfast in Japan?
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While there's more than 6 ,000 fast food establishments in Japan, there's also 5 ,000 rice bowl establishments.
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The big ones are Yoshinoya, Sukiya, and Matsuya.
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And for $4 at Sukiya, for breakfast you can get plain rice, miso soup with seaweed, an egg,
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baked fish, and a small potato salad comes with it.
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If I'm extra hungry, maybe I'll add some kimchi, fermented soybeans, and stewed beef for $4.
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Or you can put together a reasonably healthy meal from a convenience store.
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At a Japanese convenience store, I can get a rice ball, which is just rice, salmon, and salt, a small salad, or a package of sushi,
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or a thing of fish with miso, or some soup.
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I was pretty impressed with how little junk is in this.
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It's basically just vegetables, pork, and fish broth.
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And there's a bunch of foods like this.
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Here's what I can get for under $10 USD.
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Compare this to what's available in American convenience stores.
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They're usually limited to fried foods sitting under heat lamps, or foods loaded with trans fats, sugar, preservatives, and unhealthy additives.
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If you're lucky, you might be able to get a package of plain nuts with nothing added.
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So the items in Japanese convenience stores are not top quality health foods, but they're not bad.
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This is big because practically everyone has access to these places.
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Convenience stores like these are everywhere.
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Japan has about 55 ,000 convenience stores, meaning there's about 10 times more convenience stores per square kilometer better in Japan compared to America.
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For most, these places are in walking distance.
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I understand that of course there are healthy restaurants here
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and there in America and you can make a really healthy meal with ingredients from the supermarket.
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But when it comes to cheap, convenient and quick food, it's almost always quite unhealthy.
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In Japan, for a quick lunch I can go to Burger King or right next door I can get some sushi.
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I can get a hamburger and some popcorn at Vandalism Cafe,
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or I can go next door to Matsuya and get a bowl of spicy tofu soup with a bit of beef,
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green onion and cabbage, some pork, a soft boiled egg, some mustard spinach, rice, and there's free pickled ginger to go with it.
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And of course, there are many healthier non -chain places that offer many different types of cuisine.
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And this variety is important.
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It's going to be much easier to stick to healthier options
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if you aren't getting bored of having to eat the same things at the same places over and over.
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Even if you're going out to drink with friends at dinner time, there's still a variety of good food choices.
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The standard place to drink at is an izakaya.
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At 10 ,000 establishments, there's almost twice as many izakayas as there are fast food places in Japan.
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Replacing fast food for alcohol is not a good strategy, but let's see what the common izakaya chains have to offer in the way of food.
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Let me point out one more time that there's of course much better quality food than what you get at convenience stores,
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rice bowl chains, or izakayas, and this is not what most Japanese people eat on a daily basis.
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I'm not really recommending these places either, most Japanese people wouldn't think of these places as healthy.
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But This isn't about optimal health, I just mean to point out
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that even someone who puts minimal effort into being healthy can get some reasonable quality meals out of these very convenient places.
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By the way, what's everyone drinking with and between meals?
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In America, more often than not, it's soda, considering a survey of 80 countries found
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that America comes in at rank number 1 for soda consumption at 170 liters purchased per person in 2011.
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7 -Eleven Japan came in at rank 56, at 32 liters per person.
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In Japan, most places serve tea with your meal for free, and in general it's harder to purchase massive quantities of soda.
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There's no comically large big gulps at 7 -Eleven, I haven't seen these packs of soda here,
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and Japan has the smallest large cup size at McDonald's.
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An American medium -sized drink is bigger than a Japanese large charge.
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Another factor to thank for keeping people's soda intake low is again, variety.
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What's interesting is despite
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Japan drinking 5 times less soda than America, soda is available in vending machines everywhere in Japan.
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There's 5 .52 million vending machines, meaning there's a vending machine for every 23 people in Japan.
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That's the highest vending machine per capita on the planet.
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So what's in these vending machines?
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Why don't we take a look at this vending machine
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I came across on the side of the road in the middle of nowhere in Hakone.
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Among other things, they have black coffee, six different types of unsweetened tea, and water.
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A typical American vending machine offers 13 varieties of drink, the only non -sweet one being water.
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So, convenience and variety.
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Simple, but it makes a difference.
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It's easier to pick the healthy choices when they are just as easy and convenient as the unhealthier choices.
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Now, this is by no means the full story on Japan and health, but I think these are two key factors.
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I'll be doing another video on some of the many other things that contribute to health in Japan,
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so if there's a particular point you want to hear discussed, leave a comment below.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Why is it so Easy to be Thin in Japan?”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: Japan, healthy, convenience, soda, Japanese. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 59 جملة و1188 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:55. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 172 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 80% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| convenience اسم | /kənˈvinjəns/ | مُلَاءَمَة, مُنَاسَبَة |
| soda اسم | /ˈsoʊdə/ | صُودَا, كَرْبُونَات اَلصُّودْيُوم |
| meal اسم | /ˈmiːl/ | وَجْبَة, أكلة |
| establishment اسم | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | تَأْسِيس |
| convenient صفة | /kənˈviː.niənt/ | مُنَاسِب, مُلَائِم |
| soup اسم | /sup/ | شُورَبَة, شُرْبَة |
| unhealthy صفة | /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/ | غَيْر صِحِّيّ |
| package اسم | /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ | صُرَّة, طَرْد |
| compare فعل | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | قَارَنَ |
| plain اسم | /pleɪn/ | سَهْل |
| salad اسم | /ˈsæl.əd/ | سَلَطَة |
| reasonably ظرف | /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/ | بِشَكْل مَنْطِقِيّ |
| fry فعل | /fɹaɪ/ | قَلَى |
| obesity اسم | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | سِمْنَة, بَدَانَة |
| sushi اسم | /ˈsuːʃi/ | سُوشِي |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| point out فعل | أَشَارَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | natto, which is · ball, which is · someone who puts |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | you've ever been · haven't seen |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 17 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, I'll, they're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, broth /bɹɔθ/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, sushi /ˈsuːʃi/, translation /tɹænzˈleɪʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: soup /sup/, package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/, compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/, plain /pleɪn/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: convenience /kənˈvinjəns/, convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/, eleven /əˈlɛv.ən/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: convenience /kənˈvinjəns/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/, rank /ˈɹæŋk/, plain /pleɪn/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل convenience, soda, meal.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.