تدريب Shadowing: Your Assumptions About People Could Be Wrong, Here's Why | Reverse Assumptions - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
1
Music Where do you work?
2
I am a freelancer.
3
I've been working in advertising for a little bit.
4
What do you do for a living?
5
I am a residential coordinator.
6
My job is to help people with mental disabilities, maintain a sense of independence in the workplace and in the neighborhood.
7
I work in a home with adults with mental disabilities.
8
I've also worked as a teacher and with students with mental disabilities.
9
What do you do?
10
I teach voice lessons to people and I music direct children's musicals.
11
What's your family like?
12
I have a pretty big family.
13
I'm the youngest.
14
My brother was in a motorcycle accident a month after I graduated high school
15
and he ended up losing his right arm and had a traumatic brain injury.
16
I never thought about ableism or being an abled body person until this happened.
17
I have a disability and throughout my life I had some insecurities about it.
18
Like how was I supposed to like contribute in a world
19
that I felt like everyone had the same abilities and I had different?
20
Like I feel for your brother, you know?
21
A wise woman she told me, you know, I shouldn't, don't feel sorry for them.
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They don't want that.
23
They just want you to understand.
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I myself suffer from mental illness in a sense, and I hardly ever talk about it.
25
It took me years to recover, literally recover my psyche.
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I've been working with people with disabilities since I was 17.
27
But the things that I've seen, it made me so much more of an advocate.
28
It's weird that growing up, I feel like my parents were always really fearful for me getting into adulthood.
29
And I kind of always thought like, why don't you guys think I have a future?
30
We live in kind of like a new world.
31
Now we're talking about it.
32
Now this is like an open thing.
33
What do you like about yourself?
34
I'm athletic.
35
I mean, I work out.
36
I try to get some cardio in, and I'm good at it.
37
Yeah, well, you have that up on me.
38
I hate exercise so much.
39
I like the kind of exercise where you don't have to think about the fact that you're exercising.
40
You sound like you're 25.
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I bet you got a blue shirt on, blue jeans.
42
I bet you was born in Chicago.
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I bet you are a soprano, because I know you say as you're saying.
44
You are some type of Hispanic background,
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between like 5'10", 6' tall, around your late 30s.
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I think you are 29.
47
I think you're wearing a t-shirt and jeans.
48
I think you're from the East Coast, maybe like Pennsylvania.
49
Maybe mixed, maybe Asian.
50
Kind of petite, short.
51
I know you give small little hints at some kind of walking apparatus.
52
Not in the chair, though.
53
I feel like you're pretty young, 19, 20.
54
Hey.
55
Hey.
56
What's up?
57
I was right about a couple things.
58
It's so weird having a couple conversations.
59
I was visualizing you a whole different way.
60
Oh, really?
61
A whole different.
62
I thought you had a blue shirt.
63
You got the brown hair.
64
I said you were 29?
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No, I'm not.
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I'm 23.
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Oh, what's all I?
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You said I was 25.
69
I'm from the south.
70
I'm from EFUS.
71
I'm from EFUS, embassy.
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I'm from San Jose, Silicon Valley.
73
Oh, okay.
74
I am German, not Norwegian.
75
You're not German in here?
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Sure, yeah.
77
Like a lot.
78
You said I was a soprano, I'm not.
79
Oh, alto?
80
Yeah, low voice.
81
Alto, I was a tenor.
82
That makes sense.
83
You sound like a tenor.
84
Let's just sing randomly.
85
Sure, yeah.
86
Let's sing a song.
87
Alright.
88
What you saying?
89
What's all I going to say?
90
We'll do that later.
91
Hi.
92
Hi.
93
Finally I actually meet you.
94
I feel like I know you.
95
I did not expect you in a chair other than when you gave tiny little hints.
96
It threw me off for a second.
97
And I'm actually 29.
98
29?
99
Wow.
100
I was really off.
101
You were right.
102
I actually am Asian, which no one guesses.
103
So you guessed it without looking.
104
In looking now, I was like, I was wrong.
105
You gave me some inches, I was like, sweet, I'll take it.
106
What do you got?
107
I think you said five, eight, six.
108
I'm like, oh my god, I'm like five, seven, on a good day, maybe?
109
I said short, petite, so I was pretty spot on.
110
I don't know how tall you would be.
111
I don't think you would tower over me.
112
No, 5'1".
113
As we get older, things get harder, right?
114
I'm just having to come to face with the fact that I think I'm a little sensitive.
115
I think you're too hard on yourself.
116
I think you just feel things and that's good.
117
Yeah.
118
You're like, I'm sensitive.
119
You're just, you're a person with feelings. For sure. For sure.
120
I gotta ask you, what's like the toughest challenge that I'm like? getting dressed, getting fed.
121
No, so I'm actually not confined to the chair.
122
I can do a little bit of walking, but I walked a lot as a kid, and I only started using the wheelchair when I was in high school.
123
But I grew up with my parents being fearful of my future, you know?
124
Like, I don't know how she's gonna make it in the world.
125
And they would say things to me like, well, we wanna get a house that we can have like an apartment that you can live in, like a basement apartment.
126
I'm like, I don't need to live with you.
127
I can do this on my own.
128
It was nice to meet you, Oshie.
129
Yeah, it was nice to meet you too.
130
Carolyn, it was really nice meeting you.
131
I honestly had a great experience just talking to you.
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So I don't know if you're a handshaker or a hugger, but I still give you hugs.
133
Yeah.
134
That's just awesome.
135
It was fun.
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It's nice to meet you, Albert.
137
Likewise.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “Your Assumptions About People Could Be Wrong, Here's Why”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: disabilities, mental, meet. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 136 جملة و1005 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:59. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 168 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 78% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا. 21 من أصل 136 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| alto اسم | /ˈæl.toʊ/ | ألتو |
| fearful صفة | /ˈfɪəfəl/ | خَوَّاف |
| hint اسم | /hɪnt/ | تَلْمِيح |
| ableism اسم | /ˈeɪ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ | اَلتَّمْيِيزُ ضِدَّ ٱلْمُعَاقِينَ |
| cardio اسم | /ˈkɑɹ.di.oʊ/ | كَارْدِيُو, ضُمُور |
| apparatus اسم | /ˌæp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/ | أَدَاة, جِهَاز |
| wheelchair اسم | /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/ | كُرْسِيّ لِلْمُقْعَدِين, كُرْسِيّ مُتَحَرِّك |
| coordinator اسم | مُنَسِّق, مُنَظِّم | |
| randomly ظرف | /ˈɹændm̩li/ | عَشْوَائِيًّا |
| workplace اسم | /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/ | مَكَان عَمَل |
| likewise ظرف | /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ | كَذٰلِك, أَيْضًا |
| motorcycle اسم | /ˈmoʊtɚˌsaɪkəl/ | مُوتُوسِيكِل, دَرَّاجَة نَارِيَّة |
| hug فعل | /hʌɡ/ | عَانَقَ, اِحْتَضَنَ |
| embassy اسم | /ˈɛmbəsi/ | سِفَارَة |
| basement اسم | /ˈbeɪsmənt/ | قَبْوْ, سِرْدَاب |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| grow up فعل | كَبُرَ, ْنَشَأ |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- What do you do for a living?
- What's your family like?
- What do you like about yourself?
- What's all I going to say?
- I gotta ask you, what's like the toughest challenge that I'm like?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام المستمر have/has been + -ing — حدث بدأ سابقًا وما زال مستمرًا | I've been working |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | I've also worked · I've seen |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 51 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, you're, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: ableism /ˈeɪ.bə.lɪ.zəm/, apparatus /ˌæp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/, motorcycle /ˈmoʊtɚˌsaɪkəl/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: petite /pəˈtiːt/, soprano /səˈpɹænoʊ/, apparatus /ˌæp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/, workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: hint /hɪnt/, jeans /d͡ʒiːnz/, freelancer /ˈfɹiˌlæn.səɹ/, traumatic /tɹɔˈmætɪk/, wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل alto, fearful, hint.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.