Shadowing-Übung: Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes) - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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Different production systems require different types of manufacturing process and require different conditions for their working.
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Selection of manufacturing process is a strategic decision as any change in the same is very costly and time -consuming affair.
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Therefore the manufacturing process is selected at the stage of planning a business venture.
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This must be selected keeping in view two important parameters, which are two, meeting the specification of the final product, and to be cost -effective.
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The manufacturing process is classified into four types.
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Number 1, Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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Number 2, Batch Manufacturing Process.
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Number 3, Mass or Flow Manufacturing Process.
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And, Number 4, Process Type Manufacturing Process.
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Let's start by discussing about Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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This is used to produce one or few units of the products as per the requirement and specification of the customer.
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Production is to meet the delivery schedule and costs are fixed prior to the contract made with the customer.
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Batch Manufacturing Process This is used to produce limited quantities of
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each of the different types of products in the form of batches.
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These batches of different products are manufactured on same set of machines.
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Different batches or products are produced separately one after the other.
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Mass or flow manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce a large quantity of same product at a time that is stocked for sale.
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All machines and required equipments are arranged according to the sequence of operations, termed as line arrangement or line flow.
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This ensures very high rate of production.
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One line arrangement can produce only one type of product.
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Therefore, a different line arrangement is needed for a different product.
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And, process type manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce the products which need a particular process, definite sequence of operations.
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For example, petroleum.
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In this, production run is conducted for an indefinite period.
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So, what are the factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process?
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Now let's discuss the factors needed to be considered before making a choice of manufacturing process.
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Factor number 1, Effect of Volume and Variety.
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This is one of the major considerations in selection of manufacturing process.
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When the volume is low and variety is high,
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intermittent process is most suitable and with increase in volume and reduction in variety continuous process become suitable.
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The following figure indicates the choice of manufacturing process as a function of volume and variety.
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Factor number 2, Capacity of the Plant Predicted sales volume is the key factor to make a choice between batch
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and line process.
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In case of line process, fixed costs are substantially higher than variable costs.
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The reverse is true for batch process thus at low volume it would be cheaper to install
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and maintain a batch process
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and line process becomes economical at higher volumes factor number three
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lead time the continuous process normally results faster deliveries as compared to batch process therefore lead time
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and level of competition certainly influenced the choice of production process
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and factor number four flexibility
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and efficiency the manufacturing process needs to be flexible enough to adapt contemplated changes
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and volume of production should be large enough to lower costs
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hence it is very important for entrepreneur to consider all these
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mentioned factors before taking a decision pertaining to the type of
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manufacturing process to be adopted as far as small -scale enterprises
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are concerned they usually adopt batch processes due to less volume of production
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and low investment once the entrepreneur has made a final choice pertaining to the product design production system
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and process his next critical decision is the production and planning control decision
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Dieses Video enthält 50 Sätze und 596 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 4:09. Der Sprecher spricht gleichmäßig mit etwa 144 Wörtern pro Minute – ein angenehmes Tempo fürs Shadowing. 85 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| batch Substantiv | /bæt͡ʃ/ | Liefermenge, Stapel |
| arrangement Substantiv | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/ | Gestalten, Zusammenstellen |
| select Verb | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | auswählen |
| suitable Adjektiv | [ˈsjuː.tə.bɫ̩] | geeignet, passend |
| sequence Substantiv | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | Reihenfolge |
| continuous Adjektiv | /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ | kontinuierlich, stetig |
| adopt Verb | /əˈdɑpt/ | adoptieren |
| quantity Substantiv | /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ | Quantität, Menge |
| entrepreneur Substantiv | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | Unternehmer, Unternehmerin |
| specification Substantiv | Spezifikation | |
| compare Verb | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | vergleichen, komparieren |
| strategic Adjektiv | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | strategisch |
| reduction Substantiv | /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/ | Reduktion, Reduzierung |
| efficiency Substantiv | /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ | Effizienz, Leistungsfähigkeit |
| enterprise Substantiv | /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/ | Unternehmen |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Sprich Satz für Satz in normaler Geschwindigkeit nach und wiederhole jeden, bis dein Rhythmus zum Sprecher passt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie batch, arrangement, select.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.