Pratica di Shadowing: Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes) - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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Different production systems require different types of manufacturing process and require different conditions for their working.
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Selection of manufacturing process is a strategic decision as any change in the same is very costly and time -consuming affair.
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Therefore the manufacturing process is selected at the stage of planning a business venture.
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This must be selected keeping in view two important parameters, which are two, meeting the specification of the final product, and to be cost -effective.
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The manufacturing process is classified into four types.
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Number 1, Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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Number 2, Batch Manufacturing Process.
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Number 3, Mass or Flow Manufacturing Process.
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And, Number 4, Process Type Manufacturing Process.
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Let's start by discussing about Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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This is used to produce one or few units of the products as per the requirement and specification of the customer.
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Production is to meet the delivery schedule and costs are fixed prior to the contract made with the customer.
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Batch Manufacturing Process This is used to produce limited quantities of
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each of the different types of products in the form of batches.
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These batches of different products are manufactured on same set of machines.
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Different batches or products are produced separately one after the other.
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Mass or flow manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce a large quantity of same product at a time that is stocked for sale.
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All machines and required equipments are arranged according to the sequence of operations, termed as line arrangement or line flow.
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This ensures very high rate of production.
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One line arrangement can produce only one type of product.
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Therefore, a different line arrangement is needed for a different product.
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And, process type manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce the products which need a particular process, definite sequence of operations.
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For example, petroleum.
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In this, production run is conducted for an indefinite period.
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So, what are the factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process?
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Now let's discuss the factors needed to be considered before making a choice of manufacturing process.
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Factor number 1, Effect of Volume and Variety.
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This is one of the major considerations in selection of manufacturing process.
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When the volume is low and variety is high,
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intermittent process is most suitable and with increase in volume and reduction in variety continuous process become suitable.
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The following figure indicates the choice of manufacturing process as a function of volume and variety.
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Factor number 2, Capacity of the Plant Predicted sales volume is the key factor to make a choice between batch
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and line process.
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In case of line process, fixed costs are substantially higher than variable costs.
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The reverse is true for batch process thus at low volume it would be cheaper to install
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and maintain a batch process
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and line process becomes economical at higher volumes factor number three
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lead time the continuous process normally results faster deliveries as compared to batch process therefore lead time
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and level of competition certainly influenced the choice of production process
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and factor number four flexibility
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and efficiency the manufacturing process needs to be flexible enough to adapt contemplated changes
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and volume of production should be large enough to lower costs
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hence it is very important for entrepreneur to consider all these
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mentioned factors before taking a decision pertaining to the type of
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manufacturing process to be adopted as far as small -scale enterprises
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are concerned they usually adopt batch processes due to less volume of production
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and low investment once the entrepreneur has made a final choice pertaining to the product design production system
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and process his next critical decision is the production and planning control decision
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 50 frasi e 596 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 4:09. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 144 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| batch sostantivo | /bæt͡ʃ/ | infornata |
| arrangement sostantivo | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/ | arrangiamento, sistemazione |
| select verbo | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | scegliere, selezionare |
| suitable aggettivo | [ˈsjuː.tə.bɫ̩] | adatto, idoneo |
| sequence sostantivo | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | sequenza |
| continuous aggettivo | /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ | continuo |
| adopt verbo | /əˈdɑpt/ | adottare |
| quantity sostantivo | /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ | grandezza, quantità |
| entrepreneur sostantivo | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | imprenditore, imprenditrice |
| specification sostantivo | specificazione, specifica | |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | paragonare |
| strategic aggettivo | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | strategico |
| reduction sostantivo | /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/ | sgravio, taglio |
| efficiency sostantivo | /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ | efficienza |
| enterprise sostantivo | /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/ | impresa |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come batch, arrangement, select.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.