शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes) - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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Different production systems require different types of manufacturing process and require different conditions for their working.
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Selection of manufacturing process is a strategic decision as any change in the same is very costly and time -consuming affair.
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Therefore the manufacturing process is selected at the stage of planning a business venture.
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This must be selected keeping in view two important parameters, which are two, meeting the specification of the final product, and to be cost -effective.
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The manufacturing process is classified into four types.
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Number 1, Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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Number 2, Batch Manufacturing Process.
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Number 3, Mass or Flow Manufacturing Process.
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And, Number 4, Process Type Manufacturing Process.
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Let's start by discussing about Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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This is used to produce one or few units of the products as per the requirement and specification of the customer.
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Production is to meet the delivery schedule and costs are fixed prior to the contract made with the customer.
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Batch Manufacturing Process This is used to produce limited quantities of
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each of the different types of products in the form of batches.
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These batches of different products are manufactured on same set of machines.
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Different batches or products are produced separately one after the other.
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Mass or flow manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce a large quantity of same product at a time that is stocked for sale.
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All machines and required equipments are arranged according to the sequence of operations, termed as line arrangement or line flow.
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This ensures very high rate of production.
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One line arrangement can produce only one type of product.
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Therefore, a different line arrangement is needed for a different product.
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And, process type manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce the products which need a particular process, definite sequence of operations.
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For example, petroleum.
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In this, production run is conducted for an indefinite period.
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So, what are the factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process?
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Now let's discuss the factors needed to be considered before making a choice of manufacturing process.
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Factor number 1, Effect of Volume and Variety.
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This is one of the major considerations in selection of manufacturing process.
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When the volume is low and variety is high,
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intermittent process is most suitable and with increase in volume and reduction in variety continuous process become suitable.
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The following figure indicates the choice of manufacturing process as a function of volume and variety.
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Factor number 2, Capacity of the Plant Predicted sales volume is the key factor to make a choice between batch
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and line process.
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In case of line process, fixed costs are substantially higher than variable costs.
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The reverse is true for batch process thus at low volume it would be cheaper to install
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and maintain a batch process
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and line process becomes economical at higher volumes factor number three
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lead time the continuous process normally results faster deliveries as compared to batch process therefore lead time
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and level of competition certainly influenced the choice of production process
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and factor number four flexibility
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and efficiency the manufacturing process needs to be flexible enough to adapt contemplated changes
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and volume of production should be large enough to lower costs
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hence it is very important for entrepreneur to consider all these
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mentioned factors before taking a decision pertaining to the type of
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manufacturing process to be adopted as far as small -scale enterprises
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are concerned they usually adopt batch processes due to less volume of production
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and low investment once the entrepreneur has made a final choice pertaining to the product design production system
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and process his next critical decision is the production and planning control decision

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इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 50 वाक्य और 596 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:09 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 144 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 85% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
arrangement संज्ञा/əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/प्रबंधन, इंतज़ाम
select क्रिया/sɪˈlɛkt/चुनना, चयन करना
suitable विशेषण[ˈsjuː.tə.bɫ̩]उपयुक्त, उचित
continuous विशेषण/kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/निरंतर
quantity संज्ञा/ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/मात्रा, परिमाण
entrepreneur संज्ञा/ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/व्यवसायी, उद्यमी
compare क्रिया/kəmˈpɛɚ/तौलना
strategic विशेषण/stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/सामरिक
reduction संज्ञा/ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/कटौती
enterprise संज्ञा/ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/उद्यम, उपक्रम
reverse संज्ञा/ɹɪˈvɝs/विलोमित, विपरीत
indicate क्रिया/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/सूचित करना, संकेत करना
consideration संज्ञा/kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/विचारण
requirement संज्ञा/ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/आवश्यकता, अनिवार्यता
flexible विशेषण/ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/लचीला

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर arrangement, select, suitable जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →