跟读练习: Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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50 句
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Different production systems require different types of manufacturing process and require different conditions for their working.
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Selection of manufacturing process is a strategic decision as any change in the same is very costly and time -consuming affair.
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Therefore the manufacturing process is selected at the stage of planning a business venture.
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This must be selected keeping in view two important parameters, which are two, meeting the specification of the final product, and to be cost -effective.
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The manufacturing process is classified into four types.
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Number 1, Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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Number 2, Batch Manufacturing Process.
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Number 3, Mass or Flow Manufacturing Process.
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And, Number 4, Process Type Manufacturing Process.
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Let's start by discussing about Jobbing Manufacturing Process.
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This is used to produce one or few units of the products as per the requirement and specification of the customer.
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Production is to meet the delivery schedule and costs are fixed prior to the contract made with the customer.
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Batch Manufacturing Process This is used to produce limited quantities of
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each of the different types of products in the form of batches.
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These batches of different products are manufactured on same set of machines.
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Different batches or products are produced separately one after the other.
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Mass or flow manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce a large quantity of same product at a time that is stocked for sale.
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All machines and required equipments are arranged according to the sequence of operations, termed as line arrangement or line flow.
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This ensures very high rate of production.
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One line arrangement can produce only one type of product.
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Therefore, a different line arrangement is needed for a different product.
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And, process type manufacturing process.
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This is used to produce the products which need a particular process, definite sequence of operations.
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For example, petroleum.
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In this, production run is conducted for an indefinite period.
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So, what are the factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process?
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Now let's discuss the factors needed to be considered before making a choice of manufacturing process.
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Factor number 1, Effect of Volume and Variety.
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This is one of the major considerations in selection of manufacturing process.
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When the volume is low and variety is high,
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intermittent process is most suitable and with increase in volume and reduction in variety continuous process become suitable.
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The following figure indicates the choice of manufacturing process as a function of volume and variety.
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Factor number 2, Capacity of the Plant Predicted sales volume is the key factor to make a choice between batch
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and line process.
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In case of line process, fixed costs are substantially higher than variable costs.
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The reverse is true for batch process thus at low volume it would be cheaper to install
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and maintain a batch process
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and line process becomes economical at higher volumes factor number three
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lead time the continuous process normally results faster deliveries as compared to batch process therefore lead time
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and level of competition certainly influenced the choice of production process
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and factor number four flexibility
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and efficiency the manufacturing process needs to be flexible enough to adapt contemplated changes
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and volume of production should be large enough to lower costs
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hence it is very important for entrepreneur to consider all these
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mentioned factors before taking a decision pertaining to the type of
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manufacturing process to be adopted as far as small -scale enterprises
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are concerned they usually adopt batch processes due to less volume of production
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and low investment once the entrepreneur has made a final choice pertaining to the product design production system
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and process his next critical decision is the production and planning control decision
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 50 个句子、596 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:09。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 144 个词，很适合跟读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| batch 名词 | /bæt͡ʃ/ | 批次, 批 |
| arrangement 名词 | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/ | 排列, 安排 |
| select 动词 | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | 選 /选, 挑選 /挑选 |
| suitable 形容词 | [ˈsjuː.tə.bɫ̩] | 合適 /合适, 適當 /适当 |
| sequence 名词 | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | 序列, 順序 /顺序 |
| continuous 形容词 | /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ | 連續的 /连续的, 不斷的 /不断的 |
| adopt 动词 | /əˈdɑpt/ | 收養 /收养 |
| quantity 名词 | /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ | 數量 /数量, 量 |
| entrepreneur 名词 | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | 企業家 /企业家 |
| specification 名词 | 規格 /规格, 規範 /规范 | |
| compare 动词 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比, 比較 /比较 |
| strategic 形容词 | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | 戰略的 /战略的 |
| reduction 名词 | /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/ | 還原 /还原, 還原作用 /还原作用 |
| efficiency 名词 | /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ | 效率, 效能 |
| enterprise 名词 | /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/ | 企業 /企业 |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 batch, arrangement, select 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。