Shadowing Practice: Kevin Spacey Breaks Down The Game Theory | 21 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creando lección...
1
All right.
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Now, who can explain Newton's method and how you use it?
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Uh, you can use it to solve nonlinear equations.
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That's impressive.
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Uh, that's really good.
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I mean, I'm very impressed by that,
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especially since my class is called Non-Linear Equations.
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All right, now somebody tell me something I don't already know.
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Anyone?
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Bueller.
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Anyone?
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Bueller?
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Newton stole it.
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I'm sorry?
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Newton stole it.
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Joseph Rafson published the same method 50 years earlier.
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If the start value is too far removed from true zero, then it fails.
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I'm sorry, what's your name?
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Ben.
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Ben Campbell.
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Ben.
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So Ben Campbell suggests that Joseph Rafson was the original author of this method.
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Well, if that's the case,
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then why didn't he get any credit?
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Well, for one thing, Newton had a better publicist.
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And for another, after 1700,
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we know very little about Raphson other than the fact that he discovered the Kabbalah about 300 years before Madonna.
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All right, now, let's give Ben a chance for some extra credit, shall we?
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We're gonna call this, um,
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the game show host problem, all right?
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Ben, suppose you're on a game show,
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and you are given a chance to choose from three different doors, all right?
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Now, behind one of the doors is a new car.
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Behind the other two, goats.
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Which door would you choose, Ben?
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Uh, door number one.
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Door number one.
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Ben chooses door number one.
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All right, now, the game show host,
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who, by the way, knows what's behind all the other doors,
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decides to open another door.
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Let's say he chooses door number three,
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behind which sits a goat.
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Now, Ben, the game show host comes up to you and says,
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Ben, do you want to stay with door number one or go with door number two?
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Now, is it in your interest to switch your choice?
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Yeah.
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Well, wait.
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Remember, the host knows where the car is.
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So how do you know he's not playing a trick on you,
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trying to use reverse psychology to get you to pick a goat?
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Well, I wouldn't really care.
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I mean, my answer's based on statistics, based on variable change.
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Variable change?
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Well, he just asked you a simple question.
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Yeah, but she's changed everything.
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Enlighten us.
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Well, when I was originally asked to choose a door,
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I had a 33.3% chance of choosing right.
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But after he opens one of the doors and then re-offers me the choice,
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it's now 66.7% if I choose to switch.
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So, yeah, I'll take door number two and thank you for that extra 33.3%.
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Exactly.
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People, remember, if you don't know which door to open,
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and always account for variable change.
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Now, see, most people wouldn't take the switch out of paranoia,
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fear, emotions, but Mr. Campbell kept motions aside and let simple math get his ass into a brand new car.
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Which is better than that goat you've been driving around campus.
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All right, everybody, that's the end of the day.
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Thank you very much.
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Your graded papers are down here at the end.
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You can pick them up on your way out.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 73 frases y 521 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:46. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 139 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| goat sustantivo | /ɡoʊt/ | cabra, chivo |
| variable adjetivo | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | variable |
| steal verbo | /stiːl/ | robar, shacar |
| equation sustantivo | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | ecuación |
| trick sustantivo | /ˈtɹɪk/ | truco, artimaña |
| impressive adjetivo | /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ | impresionante |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | descubrir |
| psychology sustantivo | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | psicología |
| emotion sustantivo | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | afecto, emoción |
| mathematics sustantivo | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | matemáticas, matemática |
| impress verbo | /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ | impresionar |
| enlighten verbo | /ɪnˈlaɪtən/ | alumbrar, esclarecer |
| paranoia sustantivo | /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ | paranoia, paranoya |
| publicist sustantivo | publicista |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 13 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, don't, wouldn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como goat, variable, steal.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.