Shadowing Practice: Kevin Spacey Breaks Down The Game Theory | 21 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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All right.
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Now, who can explain Newton's method and how you use it?
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Uh, you can use it to solve nonlinear equations.
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That's impressive.
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Uh, that's really good.
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I mean, I'm very impressed by that,
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especially since my class is called Non-Linear Equations.
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All right, now somebody tell me something I don't already know.
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Anyone?
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Bueller.
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Anyone?
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Bueller?
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Newton stole it.
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I'm sorry?
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Newton stole it.
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Joseph Rafson published the same method 50 years earlier.
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If the start value is too far removed from true zero, then it fails.
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I'm sorry, what's your name?
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Ben.
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Ben Campbell.
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Ben.
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So Ben Campbell suggests that Joseph Rafson was the original author of this method.
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Well, if that's the case,
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then why didn't he get any credit?
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Well, for one thing, Newton had a better publicist.
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And for another, after 1700,
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we know very little about Raphson other than the fact that he discovered the Kabbalah about 300 years before Madonna.
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All right, now, let's give Ben a chance for some extra credit, shall we?
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We're gonna call this, um,
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the game show host problem, all right?
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Ben, suppose you're on a game show,
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and you are given a chance to choose from three different doors, all right?
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Now, behind one of the doors is a new car.
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Behind the other two, goats.
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Which door would you choose, Ben?
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Uh, door number one.
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Door number one.
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Ben chooses door number one.
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All right, now, the game show host,
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who, by the way, knows what's behind all the other doors,
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decides to open another door.
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Let's say he chooses door number three,
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behind which sits a goat.
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Now, Ben, the game show host comes up to you and says,
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Ben, do you want to stay with door number one or go with door number two?
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Now, is it in your interest to switch your choice?
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Yeah.
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Well, wait.
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Remember, the host knows where the car is.
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So how do you know he's not playing a trick on you,
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trying to use reverse psychology to get you to pick a goat?
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Well, I wouldn't really care.
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I mean, my answer's based on statistics, based on variable change.
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Variable change?
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Well, he just asked you a simple question.
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Yeah, but she's changed everything.
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Enlighten us.
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Well, when I was originally asked to choose a door,
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I had a 33.3% chance of choosing right.
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But after he opens one of the doors and then re-offers me the choice,
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it's now 66.7% if I choose to switch.
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So, yeah, I'll take door number two and thank you for that extra 33.3%.
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Exactly.
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People, remember, if you don't know which door to open,
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and always account for variable change.
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Now, see, most people wouldn't take the switch out of paranoia,
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fear, emotions, but Mr. Campbell kept motions aside and let simple math get his ass into a brand new car.
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Which is better than that goat you've been driving around campus.
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All right, everybody, that's the end of the day.
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Thank you very much.
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Your graded papers are down here at the end.
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You can pick them up on your way out.
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Thank you.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 73 cümle ve 521 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:46 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 139 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 14 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| goat isim | /ɡoʊt/ | keçi |
| variable sıfat | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | değişken |
| steal fiil | /stiːl/ | çalmak |
| equation isim | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | denklem |
| trick isim | /ˈtɹɪk/ | hile, numara |
| impressive sıfat | /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ | etkileyici |
| solve fiil | /sɒlv/ | çözmek, halletmek |
| discover fiil | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | keşfetmek |
| psychology isim | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | ruh bilimi |
| emotion isim | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | duygu, his |
| mathematics isim | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | matematik |
| impress fiil | /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ | etkilemek |
| enlighten fiil | /ɪnˈlaɪtən/ | aydınlatmak |
| paranoia isim | /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ | paranoya, yansıtımca |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı I'm, don't, wouldn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 13 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; goat, variable, steal gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.