Shadowing Practice: OBESITY (PODCAST) - IELTS TOPIC - Learn English Speaking with Video
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To be obese means to have too much fat on the body.
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Obese people are not just overweight.
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Such people are likely to suffer health problems because of their weight.
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The precise cause of obesity is not clear.
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However, it is clear that obesity is a problem in most countries.
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One study estimated that about 55% of people in the United States are obese.
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People need to understand what obesity is and how to tell
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if they themselves are obese so that they can change their condition.
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An obese person does not have to look extremely fat.
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Even people who seem only slightly overweight can actually be considered obese.
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If a person has a certain amount of fat on their body,
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then their health might be in danger.
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This amount of fat is usually thought to be 40% of the body's total composition.
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Finding a person's exact fat percentage is troublesome.
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Most people still rely on their weight measurement to tell them if they are overweight or obese.
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There are problems with this method, however.
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There are recommended weights for different ages.
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In addition, weight alone says nothing about a person's percentage of body fat,
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which is most important.
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People have different body types,
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which can make weight measurements unreliable.
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For instance, athletes usually have more muscle mass than other people.
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Muscle weighs more than fat.
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Therefore, an athlete may weigh more than their recommended weight.
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But this does not mean they are not healthy.
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A more accurate measurement of body fat is needed.
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Probably the most popular method of determining body fat today is the Body Mass Index, BMI.
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BMI is a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters.
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For men, a BMI is a person's weight,
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in kilograms, divided by the square of his or her height, in meters.
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For men, a BMI of 24 to 27 is normal.
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For women, it is 23 to 26.
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A BMI of 30 or more means a person is obese.
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Many experts feel that BMI is a reliable way to determine if a person's weight is unhealthy.
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However, others feel that BMI is too general to be really useful.
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The numbers come from comparisons of large groups of people.
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It is not related to an individual's body composition.
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BMI says nothing about a person's actual percentage of body fat.
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There are many different ways that BMI can be affected by body shape and size.
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Muscular people may show a high BMI,
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even though they are perfectly healthy.
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Some people have higher bone density than others, which increases their weight.
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In some cases, those who have very low body fat
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and are also not muscular can have a BMI that is too high.
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BMI is also unreliable for children and the elderly.
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Even supporters of BMI think that it should not be used for people under 18 or over 70 years old.
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Despite these criticisms, there are strong positive aspects of BMI.
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The main one is that it is very simple.
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The measurement can be performed easily.
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It does not take special knowledge or equipment.
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Though BMI is a general measurement,
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it still gives useful information.
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At least, it can suggest that there might be a problem.
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Furthermore, some studies have shown that people with higher BMI numbers have a higher risk of health problems.
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It takes only a minute to get a BMI number,
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but the results can be very important to a person's life.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “OBESITY (PODCAST) - IELTS TOPIC”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Bmi, fat, weight, obese, measurement. Este vídeo tiene 56 frases y 573 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:43. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 154 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| obese adjetivo | /oʊˈbis/ | obeso |
| measurement sustantivo | /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/ | medida, medición |
| overweight adjetivo | /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ | con sobrepeso, tener sobrepeso |
| obesity sustantivo | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | obesidad, sobrepeso |
| kilogram sustantivo | /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/ | kilogramo, quilogramo |
| unreliable adjetivo | /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ | no/poco/nada fiable/confiable, no ser de fiar |
| muscular adjetivo | /ˈmʌs.kjʊl.ə/ | musculoso |
| weigh verbo | /weɪ/ | pesar |
| meter sustantivo | /ˈmitəɹ/ | medidor, contador |
| athlete sustantivo | /ˈæθ.liːt/ | atleta |
| divide verbo | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | desunir, dividir |
| troublesome adjetivo | /ˈtɹʌbəlsəm/ | problemático, prolijo |
| unhealthy adjetivo | /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/ | insalubre, no / poco / nada saludable / salutífero |
| supporter sustantivo | /səˈpɔɹ.tɚ/ | apoyador, apoyadora |
| precise adjetivo | /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ | preciso |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | be considered · is usually thought · are recommended |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who seem · those who have |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como obese, measurement, overweight.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.